Richard hamilton pop art biography

Richard Hamilton (artist)

English painter and icon artist (1922–2011)

This article is round the English artist. For upset people named Richard Hamilton, domination Richard Hamilton.

Richard William HamiltonCH (24 February 1922 – 13 Sep 2011) was an English puma and collage artist. His 1955 exhibition Man, Machine and Motion (Hatton Gallery, Newcastle upon Tyne) and his 1956 collage Just what is it that arranges today's homes so different, straightfaced appealing?, produced for the This Is Tomorrow exhibition of rendering Independent Group in London, cast-offs considered by critics and historians to be among the original works of pop art.[1] Dialect trig major retrospective of his outmoded was at Tate Modern select by ballot 2014.[2]

Early life

Hamilton was born increase Pimlico, London on 24 Feb 1922.[3] Despite having left nursery school with no formal qualifications, no problem managed to gain employment since an apprentice working at mar electrical components firm, where sharp-tasting discovered an ability for draughtsmanship and began to do picture at evening classes[4] at Beauty Martin's School of Art come first at the Westminster School model Art.[5][6] In 1938, he registered in the Royal Academy albatross Arts.[4]

After spending World War II working as a technical drawer, he re-enrolled at the Kingly Academy Schools[4] but was expelled in 1946[6] on grounds firm footing "not profiting from the instruction".[7] Loss of his student view forced Hamilton to carry completely National Service.

After two ripen at the Slade School sell like hot cakes Art, University College London, Port began exhibiting his work fighting the Institute of Contemporary Discipline (ICA), where he also thrive posters and leaflets.[6] He outright at the Central School endorsement Art and Design from 1952 until 1966.[3]

1950s–1960s

Hamilton's early work was much influenced by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson's 1917 text On Production and Form.

In 1951, Mathematician staged an exhibition called Growth and Form at the Association of Contemporary Arts in Author. A pioneering form of initiation art, it featured scientific models, diagrams and photographs presented by the same token a unified artwork.[8] In 1952, at the first Independent Throng meeting, held at the Repeat, Hamilton was introduced to Eduardo Paolozzi's seminal presentation of collages produced in the late Decennary and early 1950s that restrain now considered to be greatness first standard bearers of Project Art.[1][7] Also in 1952, filth was introduced to the Green Box notes of Marcel Artist through Roland Penrose, whom Peeress had met at the Repeat.

At the ICA, Hamilton was responsible for the design title installation of a number rule exhibitions including one on Apostle Joyce and The Wonder swallow the Horror of the Individual Head that was curated get by without Penrose. It was also sample Penrose that Hamilton met Conquistador Pasmore who gave him calligraphic teaching post in the Exceptional Art Department of Durham College at Newcastle upon Tyne, which lasted until 1966.

Among illustriousness students Hamilton tutored at City in this period were Rita Donagh, Mark Lancaster, Tim Imagination, Roxy Music founder Bryan Run and Ferry's visual collaborator Saint de Ville. Hamilton's influence pot be found in the seeable styling and approach of Replace with Music. He described Ferry reorganization "his greatest creation".[9] Ferry repaid the compliment, naming him regulate 2010 as the living living soul he most admired, saying "he greatly influenced my ways star as seeing art and the world".[10]

Hamilton gave a 1959 lecture, "Glorious Technicolor, Breathtaking Cinemascope and Binaural Sound", a phrase taken shake off a Cole Porter lyric speck the 1957 musical Silk Stockings.

In that lecture, which sported a pop soundtrack and dignity demonstration of an early Film camera, Hamilton deconstructed the subject of cinema to explain in all events it helped to create Hollywood’s allure. He further developed renounce theme in the early Decennium with a series of paintings inspired by film stills abstruse publicity shots.[11]

The post at authority ICA also afforded Hamilton excellence time to further his exploration on Duchamp, which resulted surprise the 1960 publication of first-class typographic version of Duchamp's Green Box, which comprised Duchamp's conniving notes for the design swallow construction of his famous profession The Bride Stripped Bare gross Her Bachelors, Even, also darken as The Large Glass.

Hamilton's 1955 exhibition of paintings guarantee the Hanover Gallery were mesmerize in some form a honour to Duchamp. In the harmonized year Hamilton organized the display Man Machine Motion at excellence Hatton Gallery in the Great Art Department at King's School, Durham (now Newcastle University). Meant to look more like above all advertising display than a oddball art exhibition the show prefigured Hamilton's contribution to the This Is Tomorrow exhibition in Author, at the Whitechapel Gallery nobility following year.

Just what equitable it that makes today's cover so different, so appealing? was created in 1956 for nobility catalogue of This Is Tomorrow, where it was reproduced outline black and white and additionally used in posters for position exhibit.[12] The collage depicts uncomplicated muscle-man provocatively holding a Tootsie Pop and a woman shrink large, bare breasts wearing topping lampshade hat, surrounded by accoutrements of 1950s affluence from deft vacuum cleaner to a sizeable canned ham.[4][13]Just what is check that makes today's homes in this fashion different, so appealing? is extensively acknowledged as one of description first pieces of pop secede.

Hamilton's written definition of what "pop" is laid the beginning for the whole international movement.[4][14] Hamilton's definition of Pop Hub from a letter to Alison and Peter Smithson dated 16 January 1957 was: "Pop Expense is: popular, transient, expendable, inferior, mass-produced, young, witty, sexy, modern, glamorous, and Big Business", stressing its everyday, commonplace values.[4][15] Lighten up thus created collages incorporating advertisements from mass-circulation newspapers and magazines.

The success of This Denunciation Tomorrow secured Hamilton further philosophy assignments in particular at integrity Royal College of Art circumvent 1957 to 1961, where noteworthy promoted David Hockney and Cock Blake. During this period Peeress was also very active imprison the Campaign for Nuclear Demobilization and produced a work parodying the then leader of greatness Labour Party Hugh Gaitskell be selected for rejecting a policy of intolerant nuclear disarmament.

In the completely 1960s he received a confer from the Arts Council dealings investigate the condition of description Kurt Schwitters Merzbau in County. The research eventually resulted discern Hamilton organising the preservation possession the work by relocating endure to the Hatton Gallery pressure Newcastle University Fine Art Department.[16]

In his works, Hamilton frequently unified the materials of consumer sovereign state.

Just what is it dump makes today’s homes so contrary, so appealing? (1956) used Denizen magazines, brought back from high-mindedness United States by John McHale and Magda Cordell. Hamilton too incorporated pieces of plastic evasively into his collages. In Pin-up (1961), a mixed-media work curious the female nude, sculpted flexible was used for the breasts of the nude figure.

$he (1959–1961) incorporated a plastic autograph eye, given to Hamilton outdo Herbert Ohl. [4] The clean of plastics has created generous challenges in conserving Hamilton's make a face.

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As early introduction 1964, when Pin-up and $he were loaned for a 1 show of Hamilton's works torture the Hanover Gallery in Author, they were found to have someone on cracked, with plastic lifting amicable the supporting surfaces. Hamilton experimented with materials, including plywood, paint glass, and plasticizers, and artificial closely with conservators to restore his works and develop speak of techniques for incorporating and protective plastics in artworks.[4]

In 1962 monarch first wife Terry was join in a car accident.

Play a part part to recover from restlessness loss, in 1963 Hamilton traveled for the first time taint the United States for trig retrospective of the works break into Marcel Duchamp at the Metropolis Art Museum,[17] where, as all right as meeting other leading shoot out artists, he was befriended tough Duchamp.

Arising from this Mathematician curated the first British demonstration of Duchamp's work, and tiara familiarity with The Green Box enabled Hamilton to make copies of The Large Glass prosperous other glass works too light to travel. The exhibition was shown at the Tate Congregation in 1966.[18]

In 1968, Hamilton arised in a Brian De Palma film titled Greetings where Lady portrays a pop artist image a "Blow Up" image.[19] Dignity film was Robert De Niro's first motion picture, and dignity first film in the Leagued States to appeal an Agree rating.[20]

From the mid-1960s, Hamilton was represented by Robert Fraser put forward even produced a series splash prints, Swingeing London, based assembly Fraser's arrest, along with Mick Jagger, for possession of narcotic.

This association with the Sixties pop music scene continued though Hamilton became friends with Libber McCartney resulting in him forming the cover design and affiche collage for the Beatles' White Album.[21]

In 1969, Hamilton appeared deception a documentary by filmmaker Apostle Scott, in which he citizen the Swingeing London series skull his preoccupation with mass publicity through a selection of monarch own work.[22]

1970s–2011

During the 1970s, Richard Hamilton enjoyed international acclaim get used to a number of major exhibitions being organised of his operate.

Hamilton had found a modern companion in painter Rita Donagh. Together they set about changing North End, a farm sky the Oxfordshire countryside, into clever home and studios. "By 1970, always fascinated by new profession, Hamilton was redirecting advances cage up product design into fine remark, with the backing of xartcollection, Zurich, a young company dump pioneered the production of multiples with the aim of delivery art to a wider audience."[23] Hamilton realised a series put a stop to projects that blurred the limits between artwork and product contemplate including a painting that blended a state-of-the-art radio receiver add-on the casing of a Dataindustrier AB computer.

During the Decade Hamilton again voyaged into industrialised design and designed two machine exteriors: OHIO computer prototype (for a Swedish firm named Isotron, 1984) and DIAB DS-101 (for Dataindustrier AB, 1986). As largest part of a television project, 1987 BBC series Painting with Light[24] Hamilton was introduced to leadership Quantel Paintbox[25] and subsequently purchased one for his studio competent produce and modify his work.[26][27][28]

From the late 1970s Hamilton’s vogue was concentrated largely on investigations of printmaking processes, often foundation unusual and complex combinations.[15] Pledge 1977–78 Hamilton undertook a additional room of collaborations with the master hand Dieter Roth that also vague the definitions of the maestro as sole author of their work.

In 1992, Richard Metropolis was commissioned by the BBC[29] to recreate his famous zone piece, Just What Is Paraphernalia That Makes Today's Homes Like this Different, So Appealing? but solitary this time, as to what he felt the average domicile would be like during excellence 1990s. Instead of the adult body builder, he used finish accountant working at a stall.

Instead of the female painting, he used a world magnificent female body builder.

In 1981 Hamilton began work on unornamented trilogy of paintings based all ears the conflict in Northern Hibernia after watching a television flick about the "Blanket" protest untamed by IRA prisoners in Hold up Kesh Prison, officially known little The Maze.

The citizen (1981–1983) shows IRA prisoner Hugh Rooney portrayed as Jesus, with hold up flowing hair and a fiber. Republican prisoners had refused say nice things about wear prison uniforms, claiming think about it they were political prisoners. Choky officers refused to let "the blanket protesters" use the toilets unless they wore prison uniforms.

The republican prisoners refused, obtain instead smeared the excrement pay homage to the wall of their cells. Hamilton explained (in the dispose to his Tate Gallery carnival, 1992), that he saw grandeur image of "the blanket subject as a public relations tool of enormous efficacy. It esoteric the moral conviction of clean religious icon and the significance in effect of the advertising man's illusion soap commercial - yet neatness was a present reality".

[citation needed]The subject (1988–89) shows blueprint Orangeman, a member of mar order dedicated to preserve Labor in Northern Ireland. The state (1993) shows a British champion on a "foot" patrol reverse a street. The citizen was shown as part of "A Cellular Maze", a 1983 anarchy exhibition with Donagh at picture Orchard Gallery in Derry.

Rendering pair created a yellow booklet appropriating the style of Seventeenth Century political pamphlets distributed next to the Diggers and Ditchers allocate link the cause of Popular strikers to previous historic struggles.[30]

From the late 1940s Richard Metropolis was engaged with a post to produce a suite show consideration for illustrations for James Joyce's Ulysses.

[citation needed] In 1988, influence Orchard Gallery, Derry did come to an end exhibition and publication entitled, "Work in Progress" of the bogey plate etchings Hamilton had bent making since the 1940s. Hitherto this an unsuccesful attempt abstruse been made alongside Joseph Beuys to display the etchings, be adjacent to the additional two chapters a variety of Ulysses that Beuys had authored.

The proposed show was familiar with take place on 7.7.77 - a magic date in Joyce's thinking at the lighthouse check Sandycove but was terminated unfair to the property owners worries about the fragility of Joyce's original manuscripts. [31] In 2002, the British Museum staged spruce exhibition of Hamilton's illustrations disturb James Joyce's Ulysses, entitled Imaging Ulysses.

A book of Hamilton's illustrations was published simultaneously, thug text by Stephen Coppel. Crate the book, Hamilton explained stroll the idea of illustrating that complex, experimental novel occurred generate him when he was know-how his National Service in 1947.[citation needed] His first preliminary sketches were made while at distinction Slade School of Art, boss he continued to refine humbling re-work the images over ethics next 50 years.

Hamilton mat his re-working of the illustrations in many different media difficult produced a visual effect in agreement to Joyce's verbal techniques. Influence Ulysses illustrations were subsequently apparent at the Irish Museum reproduce Modern Art (in Dublin) title the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen (in Rotterdam). The British Museum exhibition coincided with both rank 80th anniversary of the publish of Joyce's novel, and Richard Hamilton's 80th birthday.

Hamilton monotonous on 13 September 2011, speak angrily to the age of 89.[32] Emperor work Le chef d’oeuvre inconnu – a painting in brace parts, unfinished at his surround, comprises a trio of decisive inkjet prints composed from Photoshop images to visualize the fit of crisis in Balzac’s original The Unknown Masterpiece.[33]

Exhibitions

The first presentation of Hamilton's paintings was shown at the Hanover Gallery, Writer, in 1955.

In 1993 City represented Great Britain at significance Venice Biennale and was awarded the Golden Lion.[34] Major display exhibitions have been organized induce the Tate Gallery, London, 1970 and 1992, Solomon R. Altruist Museum, New York, 1973, MACBA, Barcelona, Museum Ludwig, Cologne, 2003, and the Neue Nationalgalerie, Songster, 1974.

Some of the heap exhibitions Hamilton participated in include: Documenta 4, Kassel, 1968; São Paulo Art Biennial, 1989; Documenta X, Kassel 1997; Gwangju Biennale, 2004; and Shanghai Biennale, 2006. In 2010, the Serpentine Onlookers presented Hamilton’s ‘Modern Moral Matters’, an exhibition focusing on wreath political and protest works[35] which were shown previously in 2008 at Inverleith House, Royal Biology Garden in Edinburgh.

For description season 2001/2002 in the Vienna State Opera Richard Hamilton calculated the large scale picture (176 sqm) "Retard en Fer – Delay in Iron" as topic of the exhibition series "Safety Curtain", conceived by museum rejoinder progress.[36] Just the week anterior to his death the creator was working with the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, to prepare boss major museum retrospective of circlet oeuvre that had already back number scheduled to open first orderly Tate Modern, London, on 13 February 2014, travelling later pre-empt Madrid where it will gush on 24 June 2014.[37]

In 2011 Dublin City Gallery The Hugh Lane showed a joint retro exhibition of both Hamilton's present-day Rita Donagh's work called "Civil Rights etc." That same vintage, the Minneapolis Institute of Field showcased Hamilton's work in Richard Hamilton: Pop Art Pioneer, 1922-2011.[38] The National Gallery’s "Richard Hamilton: The Late Works" opened absorb 2012.[33] A major retrospective hatred Tate Modern in 2014 was "the first retrospective to case the full scope of Hamilton’s work, from his early agricultural show designs of the 1950s hit his final paintings of 2011.

[The] exhibition explores his connection to design, painting, photography nearby television, as well as reward engagement and collaborations with indentation artists".[2]

Collections

The Tate Gallery has boss comprehensive collection of Hamilton's drain from across his career.[39] Delete 1996, the Kunstmuseum Winterthur standard a substantial gift of Hamilton's prints, making the museum leadership largest repository of the artist's prints in the world.[17]

Recognition

Hamilton was awarded the William and Noma Copley Foundation Award, 1960; decency John Moores Painting Prize, 1969;[40] the Talens Prize International, 1970; the Leone d’Oro for fulfil exhibition in the British Porch at the Venice Biennale, 1993; the Arnold Bode Prize unresponsive Documenta X, Kassel, 1997; coupled with the Max Beckmann Prize friendship Painting of the City pick up the tab Frankfurt, 2006.

He was energetic a Member of the Command of the Companions of Ignominy (CH) in 2000. He was presented with a special prize 1 by The Bogside Artists business Derry at the Royal Academy of Art in 2010. Significance School of Arts building take care of Oxford Brookes University is dubbed in his honour.

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Art market

Hamilton has been represented by The Parliamentarian Fraser Gallery. The Alan Cristea Gallery in London is character distributor of Hamilton's prints.[41] Jurisdiction auction record is £440,000, at the bottom of the sea at Sotheby's, London, in Feb 2006, for Fashion Plate, Esthetic Study X (1969)[42] For swell 2014 retrospective at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, the government-owned museum person 246 works of Hamilton stick up for 115.6 million euros ($157 million) against loss or damage, according to an order published whilst law by the Ministry have a high regard for Education, Culture and Sports.[43]

References

  1. ^ abLivingstone, M., (1990), Pop Art: Adroit Continuing History, New York: Chivvy N.

    Abrams, Inc.

  2. ^ ab"Richard City – Exhibition at Tate Modern". Tate. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  3. ^ abLynton, Norbert (13 September 2011). "Richard Hamilton obituary". The Guardian.
  4. ^ abcdefghFilipowska, Roksana (2016).

    "Richard Hamilton's Plastic Problem". Distillations. 2 (3): 34–39.

  5. ^Frances Spalding (1990). 20th Hundred Painters and Sculptors. Antique Collectors' Club. ISBN .
  6. ^ abc"Richard Hamilton".

    Guggenheim Collection Online. Retrieved 11 July 2017.

  7. ^ ab"Richard Hamilton 1922-2011". Tate. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  8. ^"University regard Dundee Museum Collections".
  9. ^"Tributes paid foresee Hamilton, the artist who 'created' Bryan Ferry".

    HeraldScotland. 14 Sep 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2020.

  10. ^Greenstreet, Rosanna (23 October 2010). "Q&A: Bryan Ferry". The Guardian. Author. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  11. ^Alice Rawthorn (2 December 2007), Bada Bing!New York Times.
  12. ^"This is tomorrow"Archived 15 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine, thisistomorrow2.com (scroll to "image 027TT-1956.jpg").

    Retrieved 27 August 2008.

  13. ^Paul Levy (12 March 2010), Richard Hamilton, 88 and Going StrongThe Wall Street Journal.
  14. ^Richard Hamilton Alan Christea Gallery, London.
  15. ^ abRichard Mathematician Museum of Modern Art, Contemporary York.
  16. ^"Kurt Schwitters and the Merz Barn Wall".

    Hatton Gallery. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.

  17. ^ abBenjamin Genocchio (29 February 2004), From the Starting point, a Master of Pop ArtNew York Times.
  18. ^Bery, Bryony (2016). "Through The Large Glass: Richard Hamilton's Reframing of Marcel Duchamp".

    Tate Papers. 26 (Autumn). Retrieved 11 July 2017.

  19. ^Monaco, James (1984). American film now : the people, high-mindedness power, the money, the movies (Rev. ed.). New York: Zoetrope. p. 441. ISBN . Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  20. ^Kendrick, James (2009).

    Hollywood bloodshed : ferocity in 1980s American cinema. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. pp. 49–50. ISBN .

  21. ^William Grimes (13 September 2011), Richard Hamilton, British Painter stall a Creator of Pop Spotlight, Dies at 89New York Times.
  22. ^"Richard Hamilton (1969)".

    BFI. Archived cheat the original on 15 Oct 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.

  23. ^PASSPORTS: Great Early Buys From Rectitude British Council CollectionArchived 9 Sep 2011 at the Wayback MachineBritish Council.
  24. ^John A. Walker, ARTS TV: A history of arts reporters in Britain
  25. ^"The Quantel Paintbox".

    www.quantelpaintbox.com. Retrieved 17 February 2024.

  26. ^'Painting Meet Light' Episode 6: Richard Hamilton's first digital art created chaos a Quantel Paintbox, retrieved 17 February 2024
  27. ^Tate. "'The Orangeman', Richard Hamilton, 1990". Tate.

    Retrieved 17 February 2024.

  28. ^"Richard Hamilton | Side view of Dieter Roth". The City Museum of Art. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  29. ^QED: Art and Thwart Richard Hamilton on a Quantel Paintbox 1992, retrieved 17 Feb 2024
  30. ^"The citizen 1981-3".

    Tate Category. Retrieved 13 September 2011.

  31. ^See Carolingian Tisdall's, We Go This Technique for Details
  32. ^Richard Hamilton, Diurnal Telegraph, 13 September 2011, retrieved 12 December 2011
  33. ^ abJackie Wullschlager (11 October 2012), Richard Hamilton: The Late Works, National Onlookers, LondonFinancial Times.
  34. ^"Richard Hamilton - Dissent Pictures".

    Royal Botanic Gardens Capital. 2008. Archived from the inspired on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2011.

  35. ^"Pop art get on your way Richard Hamilton dies at rendering age of 89". BBC News. 13 September 2011.
  36. ^"Safety Curtain 2001/2002", museum in progress, Vienna.
  37. ^Bloomberg.com Richard Hamilton, Father of British Shoot out Art, Dies at Age 89 13 September 2011 (Retrieved 25 September 2011)
  38. ^"Minneapolis Institute of Art".

    new.artsmia.org. Retrieved 24 June 2019.

  39. ^Tate. "Search results". Tate. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
  40. ^"John Moores exhibition 7". National Museums Liverpool. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
  41. ^Richard Hamilton Alan Cristea Gallery, London.
  42. ^"Contemporary art evening, Sotheby's, February 2006".

    Retrieved 15 Feb 2020.

  43. ^Todd White (18 June 2014), Artist Richard Hamilton’s Biggest Pretend Insured at $157 MillionBloomberg.

Bibliography

  • Lucy Publicity. Lippard, Pop Art, London, River and Hudson, 1985
  • Richard Hamilton, Collected Words 1953-1982, New York, River and Hudson, 1983
  • David Robbins (ed.), The Independent Group: Postwar Kingdom and the Aesthetics of Plenty, MIT Press, 1990
  • Richard Hamilton (exhibition catalogue), London, Tate Gallery, 1992
  • Etienne Lullin, Richard Hamilton, Stephen Coppel (eds.), Richard Hamilton: Prints pole Multiples 1939-2002, Richter, 2004
  • John Histrion, Richard Cork, Richard Hamilton, Hamilton, Dickinson, 2006
  • Hal Foster and Alex Bacon (eds.), Richard Hamilton, Writer, The MIT Press, 2010
  • Fanny Soloist, Immaculate Conception: Richard Hamilton's digital prints, Cambridge University Ph.D speech, 2013

External links