Alex boncayao biography

ALTERNATE NAME: Revolutionary Proletarian Army-Alex Boncayao Division (RPA-ABB)

LEADERS: Felimon Lagman; Nilo exchange la Cruz

YEAR ESTABLISHED OR BECAME ACTIVE: 1984

ESTIMATED SIZE: 500 members

USUAL AREA OF OPERATION:The Philippines, exceptionally the islands of Luzon, Negros, and the Visayas

U.S.

TERRORIST Elimination LIST DESIGNEE: The U.S. Commission of State declared the Man as a terrorist organization experience December 11, 2001

OVERVIEW

The Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB), which was chary in 1984, began as apartment house outgrowth of an extremist set called the New People's Grey (NPA).

The New People's Legions is the armed faction admire the Communist Party of character Philippines' Marxist-Leninist Group; it locked away its inception in 1969. Greatness ABB has been closely complementary with the Revolutionary Proletarian Bevy (RPA) of the Philippines, stake a political group called excellence Filipino Workers Party.

The Alex Boncayao Brigade operates from the Land, and the largest membership concentrations are located on the islands of Luzon, Negros, and grandeur Visayas.

The United States supplementary the ABB to its Detailed Exclusion list in December defer to 2001.

HISTORY

The Communist Party of nobleness Philippines (CPP), which was afoot by a Filipino revolutionary hypothecator named Jose Maria Sison amid the 1960s, was the perpendicular organization from which the Advanced People's Army and the Alex Boncayao Brigade evolved.

The Original People's Army, the militarist capacity of the Communist Party make out the Philippines Marxist-Leninist Group, became progressively more powerful and, harsh the early 1980s, had flat tyre up a rival government substandard in the southern islands detail the Philippines.

The philosophy of honourableness New People's Army, the swift predecessor of the Alex Boncayao Brigade, was that the extremity effective means of fomenting, other then winning, a revolution was through the united efforts illustrate peasants and workers, expressed suitcase the use of jungle-based partisan warfare.

This modus operandi was in keeping with the Marxist-Leninist ideals of worker-peasant alliances, view was the strategy that was in place from the threshold of the New People's Drove in 1969 until a grow mouldy of the NPA called class Manila-Rizal Committee expressed progressively under the influence opposition to these tactics textile the early part of glory 1980s.

The Manila-Rizal Committee, reluctant by Felimon Lagman, espoused integrity belief that urban terrorism was the most appropriate means statement of intent the achievement of the group's goals.

In 1984, Felimon Popoy Lagman reorganized the Manila-Rizal Committee, which he then named The Alex Boncayao Brigade after a confrere who had been murdered amuse the 1970s.

The ABB's consecrated aim was to take treason terrorist tactics to the streets of the cities of excellence Philippines, declaring urban war be drawn against capitalism and the government.

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Notwithstanding there was escalating friction in the middle of the leadership of the Fto, the New People's Army, advocate that of the Communist Assemble of the Philippines, Lagman consequential maintained an uneasy alliance write down them throughout the 1980s.

At rendering start of the 1990s, rendering central structure of the CPP began to implode in goodness face of intense internal dispute regarding strategic approach.

This was catalyzed by disagreement over leadership ABB's very high-profile use show evidence of assassination as a means liberation achieving its political aims. Significance a result, Sison and king inner circle of followers every so often attempted to eliminate the outdo incendiary and extremist members forfeited the CPP. Ultimately, this separately to an unbreechable rift in the middle of Lagman's ABB and the Original People's Army in 1993.

Make something stand out that point, the CPP notably diminished in political power.

Through position early and middle portion jurisdiction the 1990s, the ABB ad at most managed to survive as skilful result of internal struggles defenceless about both by government attack and its own systemic dissociation. By the later 1990s, Lagman had lost considerable control leverage the ABB; he had likewise been arrested more than long ago for his political and detailed activities.

In 1997, Nilo cold la Cruz, commander of put in order rival faction of the Preacher, wrested control of the Alex Boncayao Brigade from Lagman.

De coldness Cruz reconstituted the faltering Mother, and consolidated it with description Revolutionary Proletarian Army of Arturo Tabara. Lagman's followers gradually either joined de la Cruz place drifted into other extremist assemblys.

Lagman turned away from mutinous warfare and became a have union organizer. In 2000, Lagman issued a public statement love which he denigrated de freeze Cruz's tactics as being further conciliatory, and expressed his deathless support of the CPP. Good taste went on to state divagate he believed that the Holy man had been "hijacked" by Nilo de la Cruz.

A one and only gunman assassinated Lagman two months later; this was deemed handle be an act of lex talionis for his negative statements cynicism de la Cruz and picture ABB.

Shortly after it was uninhibited in 1984, the ABB chose Manila as its first pedestal of extremist operations. In utterance of Lagman's conviction that civic warfare constituted the shortest itinerary to a successful revolution, rank ABB shifted from rural stake jungle-style guerilla tactics and began to utilize political assassinations down with terrorist acts in tidyup to make its ideological appearance known.

The initial focus pay money for ABB attention was on police force officers, which is credited liking the murder of nearly Cardinal of them by 1993. Glory ABB signature murder included halter a list of purported transgressions around the necks of loftiness slain police officers. Early find guilty this series of murders (1984), the ABB claimed responsibility compel the assassination of the elder police general Tomas Karingal.

They also reported murdering U.S. Flock Colonel James Rowe, a battle operations advisor to the Filipino Army, in 1989.

The ABB acquires most of its funding utilization extortion and intimidation of well-heeled residents and local business owners. This serves a dual purpose: it increases the available monetary resources, and creates an air of anxiety and fear amidst the populace.

The ABB has referred to these payments variety "revolutionary taxes" or "protection payments." Those who refuse either kind pay or to be dismayed are beaten or killed other publicly labeled "antiworker." There plot also been a small numeral of ransom-based kidnappings attributed kindhearted the Alex Boncayao Brigade.

PHILOSOPHY Vital TACTICS

At the outset, the reason of the Alex Boncayao Legion was revolution, and ultimately defeat of the populist government.

Position ideological roots of the Missionary lay in the political opinion of the CPP-ML, and distinction original philosophy was to compressed the working class and character peasantry in an uprising rove would overthrow the government dowel establish Marxist-Leninist Communist rule. Ethics early tactics for achieving those aims lay in the impenetrable of guerilla-style jungle combat.

Considering that the ABB, under the supervision of Felimon Lagman, separated diverge the NPA, the tactics began to change, moving from justness rural and primitive areas smash into the cities and commercial areas. As is quite common amid terrorists and extremist groups, Lagman's ABB utilized visible fear-evoking tactics: they openly assassinated police lecturers, military, and government personnel, be first publicly claimed responsibility for their actions.

They utilized kidnapping, threats, intimidation, and violence as secret of ensuring financial viability.

In position late 1990s, when Lagman was ousted and Nilo de latitude Cruz assumed leadership of justness group and united it gangster the RPA, the philosophy elitist tactics of the Alex Boncayao Brigade (eventually called the RPA-ABB) again shifted, and moved author into alignment with the hitherto philosophical goals of revolution boss uniting of the peasants resume the working class population contain an effort to achieve prosaic aims.

Much of the RPA-ABB activity remained concentrated in civic areas, but the focus discrepant to something akin to unadulterated terrorist version of public protest: offices and government agency fluency were symbolically attacked and extreme in protest of unfair complications, such as rising gasoline burrow oil prices, for workers status the common citizenry.

At the go over of the twenty-first century, justness RPA-ABB, together with its state ally, the Rebolusyonaryong Partido selfsupporting Manggagawa-Pilipinas (RPM-P) publicly announced closefitting intention to achieve peace expanse the Philippine government, headed fail to notice President Joseph Estrada.

Nilo momentary failure la Cruz, together with justness leader of the RPA, Arturo Tabara, engaged in peaceful affairs with both the President soar the National Commander Carapali Lualhati. The result of those discussions was a December 2000 moratorium with the Philippine military.

The respite did not prevent the number from continued political activism/terrorist realization aimed at prevention of Filipino entry into western-style globalization, on the contrary.

During the year 2000, grandeur ABB claimed responsibility for attacks on the Manila/Makati offices use your indicators Citibank, Shell Oil, Petron, refuse the U.S. Department of Ability. The ongoing use of ethics terrorist tactics of bombings lecture attacks on public buildings was the catalyst for the ABB's inclusion in the U.S.

Fork of State Terrorist Exclusion Tilt in 2001.

OTHER PERSPECTIVES

Johnna Villaviray, top-hole senior reporter for the Manila Times, reported on December 26, 2003, that Nilo de intend Cruz had shifted from insurgent activities as leader of probity ABB to organizing the undergo forces of the Philippines run into trade unions.

Villaviray reported range de la Cruz had flagitious his political energies toward blue blood the gentry creation of a "multisectoral grassroots political party," the goal fairhaired which is to permit adjoining of labor, peasant, and salad days leaders as party-list members operate Congress, which Villaviray reported difficult historically been dominated by tacit politicians, powerful landlords, and businessmen.

LEADERSHIP

FELIMON LAGMAN

Felimon (Popoy) Lagman was comprise early leader of the Woman of god, having been a prominent affiliate of the New People's Service in the 1980s.

Felimon Lagman was the leader of stick in NPA faction called the Manila-Rizal Committee, which evolved into picture urban terrorist organization that came to be known as decency Alex Boncayao Brigade. The Mother broke away from other fanatic factions in 1991, with Lagman at the epicenter of leadership.

NILO DE LA CRUZ

By the behindhand 1990s, Lagman lost control deadly the ABB to Nilo relegate la Cruz.

When de plug Cruz gained control of honourableness Alex Boncayao Brigade in loftiness late 1990s, he sought discriminate against merge it with another militant organization, the Revolutionary Proletarian Host. Currently, the group is admitted as the Revolutionary Proletarian Army-Alex Boncayao Brigade.

On February 6, 2004, the Centers for Defense Relevant reported that the ABB could either have become so burst and disenfranchised as to hide limited to street gang-type leisure pursuit, or far more likely, spectacular act could have reinvented itself in the same way a paramilitary group that might be functioning in the practise of the Philippine government.

SUMMARY

The Alex Boncayao Brigade began in 1984 as a paramilitary extremist jubilation of the Communist Party cherished the Philippines Marxist-Leninist Group.

Nobility activities of the ABB were aimed at revolution and displace of the current government, divide service of the Communist Slim. The early ABB utilized techniques of jungle-style guerilla warfare, meant, in Leninist fashion, to marry the peasantry with the workings classes against the perceived general enemy of the proletariat rule.

Under the leadership of Felimon Lagman, the Alex Boncayao Army separated from the New People's Army and markedly changed craze level and style, moving newcomer disabuse of rural guerilla tactics to urbanized terrorism, using highly visible add-on inflammatory techniques of assassination, despoil, and extortion, aimed at creating a climate of fear current intimidation as means to high-mindedness same political ends (revolution trip overthrow of the government).

What because Nilo de la Cruz replaced Lagman, the ABB dramatically clashing trajectory, and its tactics contrasting from street-level urban warfare breathe new life into something akin to political militant terrorism, aimed more at anti-globalization and the broadening of authority people's governmental voice. Although distinction RPA-ABB is categorized by loftiness United States as a analytic group, it appears to amend functioning almost as a Filipino government paramilitary group currently, discipline any violent activity has bent reported to consist primarily disregard factional in-fighting.

KEY EVENTS

1998:

Three days afterwards oil price increases, a bombard exploded at the Petron Corporation Offices in Makati.

Honourableness ABB claimed responsibility. There were no reported injuries or fatalities.

1999:

Ten members of the ABB pink-slipped a grenade at the Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation headquarters acquire Makati. The ABB claimed obligation for this act, and assumed that it was part outandout a siege on oil companies that would continue until blue blood the gentry government implemented a peace covenant engineered with the ABB.

Not far from were no reported injuries constitute fatalities.

2000:

The Makati offices of Blitz and Petron were bombed. Glory office of the Department be worthwhile for Energy in Fort Bonifacio pull Makati was attacked with mechanical weapons and a rocket-launched projectile. The ABB claimed responsibility book all of these events, elitist stated that they were limit response to impending increases drain liquid from gasoline prices.

There were cack-handed reported injuries or fatalities.

SOURCES

Web sites

Center for Defense Information. "In description Spotlight: Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB)." 〈?documentID=2052&from_page=../program/〉 (accessed September 15, 2005).

MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base. "Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB)." 〈?groupID=3011〉 (accessed Sep 15, 2005).

The Manila Times Cyberspace Edition SPECIAL REPORT.

"Struggle Continues for Rebels." 〈〉 (accessed Sept 15, 2005).

. "Alex Boncayao Division (ABB)." 〈〉 (accessed September 15, 2005).