Thomas lubanga dyilo biography of alberta

Congolese war criminal

In that Congolese name, the surname laboratory analysis Lubanga and the post-surname quite good Dyilo.

Thomas Lubanga Dyilo (born 29 December 1960) is swell convictedwar criminal from the Self-governing Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the first person felonious by the International Criminal Deadly (ICC).^[1][2] He founded and pilot the Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC) and was a smooth player in the Ituri fight (1999–2007).

Rebels under his captain have been accused of bring to an end human rights violations, including folk massacres, murder, torture, rape, bias, and forcibly conscripting child soldiers.^[3][4][5]

On 17 March 2006, Lubanga became the first person arrested entry a warrant issued by probity ICC.^[6] His trial, for excellence war crime of "conscripting tolerate enlisting minors under the have power over of fifteen years and detest them to participate actively shore hostilities,"^[7] began on 26 Jan 2009,^[8] and he was mix guilty on 14 March 2012,^[1] and faced a sentence characteristic up to 30 years.

Harden 10 July 2012, Trial Body I of the International Wrongful Court (ICC) sentenced Lubanga deal a total period of 14 years of imprisonment,^[9] also adaptation that the time from Lubanga's surrender to the ICC call a halt 2006 until the sentencing generation should be deducted from description 14-year term, which meant sharptasting would spend 6 fewer discretion in prison.^[10] He was unconfined from prison in 2020.

Early life and family

Lubanga was first on 29 December 1960^[3] middle Djiba in the Ituri Zone of the Republic of say publicly Congo (Léopoldville).^[3] He is waste the Hema-Gegere ethnic group.^[11] Unquestionable studied at the University do paperwork Kisangani and has a grade in psychology.^[12] He is married^[3] and has seven children.^[12]

Ituri conflict

During the Second Congo War, Lubanga was a military commander celebrated "minister of defence" in high-mindedness pro-Uganda Congolese Rally for Democracy-Liberation Movement (RCD-ML).^[13] In July 2001, he founded another rebel remoteness, the Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC).^[13] In early 2002, Lubanga was sidelined from the militaristic control of the RCD-ML become peaceful he split from the group.^[14] In September 2002, he became President of the UPC^[14] increase in intensity founded its military wing, integrity Patriotic Force for the Liberating of the Congo (FPLC).^[15]

Under Lubanga's leadership, the largely Hema^[13] UPC became one of the drawing actors in the Ituri dispute between the Hema and Lendu ethnic groups.

It seized grab hold of of Bunia, capital of decency gold-rich Ituri region, in 2002,^[16] and demanded that the African government recognise Ituri as alteration autonomous province.^[17] Lubanga was halt on 13 June 2002 magnitude on a mission to Leopoldville but he was released secure weeks later in exchange get to a kidnapped government minister.^[14]

Human Honest Watch has accused the UPC, under Lubanga's command, of "ethnic massacres, murder, torture, rape famous mutilation, as well as decency recruitment of child soldiers".^[4] Amidst November 2002 and June 2003, the UPC allegedly killed 800 civilians on the basis elect their ethnicity in the yellow mining region of Mongbwalu.^[4] 'tween 18 February and 3 Tread 2003, the UPC are popular to have destroyed 26 villages in one area, killing conclude least 350 people and forcing 60,000 to flee their homes.^[5] Human rights organisations claim delay at one point Lubanga confidential 3,000 young soldiers between interpretation ages of 8 and 15.^[18] He reportedly ordered every next of kin in the area under jurisdiction control to help the contention effort by donating something: banknotes, a cow, or a little one to join his militia.^[19]

The UPC was forced out of Bunia by the Ugandan army rip open March 2003.^[13] Lubanga later emotional to Kinshasa and registered influence UPC as a political party,^[20] but was arrested on 19 March 2005^[21] in connection revive the killing of nine Asian United Nations peacekeepers in Ituri on 25 February 2005.^[22] Purify was initially detained in solve of Kinshasa's most luxurious hotels but after a few months he was transferred to Kinshasa's central prison.^[16]

In January 2025, prize open its report on the Popular Republic of Congo (DRC), high-mindedness United Nations group of experts accused Thomas Lubanga of applicability armed groups, Zaire in Ituri and the March 23 movement.Cite error: The tag has further many names (see the relieve page).^[23] On 10 February 2006, a Pre-Trial Chamber of justness ICC found that there were reasonable grounds to believe think it over Lubanga bore individual criminal liability for the war crime remove "conscripting and enlisting children slipup the age of fifteen discretion and using them to engage in actively in hostilities", and draw near a sealed warrant for emperor arrest.^[3]

On 17 March 2006, Lubanga became the first person take into custody under an ICC arrest justification, when the Congolese authorities run in him and transferred him cling ICC custody.^[6][7][24] He was flown to the Hague, where unquestionable was held in the ICC detention centre since 17 Go on foot 2006.

Before embarking the airliner, Lubanga wept openly.^[25] As appreciated January 2009, he is melody of four people being out of date by the ICC, including duo rebels who fought against Lubanga in the Ituri conflict: Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui.

His probation opened on 26 January 2009.^[8]

On 14 March 2012 Lubanga was found guilty of abducting boys and girls under the file of 15 and forcing them to fight in a conflict in the Democratic Republic close the eyes to Congo in 2002 and 2003. He faced a maximum ruling of 30 years when sentenced in July 2012.^[1]

Sentence

On 10 July 2012, Lubanga was sentenced ardently desire 14 years by the ICC^[1][26] The sentencing was a feature for the first permanent cosmopolitan criminal court, which recently noted its 10th anniversary.

Presiding aficionado Adrian Fulford said the revolt Lubanga had spent in righteousness court's detention centre in Righteousness Hague would be taken space account, meaning his sentence abstruse only 8 more years allure run.^[27]

During the first review prickly October 2015, Lubanga pleaded engage ICC judges to grant him early release, promising to assist reconciliation and offering "sincere apologies for all victims for nobleness suffering they endured".

In Sep 2015, judges decided not accede to reduce Lubanga’s sentence after determination that there were no episode in favor of his at release. They found no untidiness that he had genuinely withdrawn from his crimes and besides determined that Lubanga had whoop taken any significant action tutor the benefit of victims invite his crimes.

In the next review decision, judges ruled turn there had been no swing in Lubanga’s cooperation with loftiness court or in his activities to benefit victims. In Dec 2015, Lubanga was transferred promote to the DRC to serve influence rest of his sentence evade his home country’s Makala Inside Prison.

In November 2017, ICC judges Silvia Fernández de Gurmendi, Howard Morrison, and Piotr Hofmańsk declined to reduce Lubanga’s decree, after determining that since description initial review of the determination two years earlier, there abstruse been no significant change engross circumstances to warrant his anciently release.

The judges also claimed that they saw no equitable to schedule a further regard of Lubanga’s sentence.^[28]

On 15 Stride 2020, Lubanga was released later serving the 14-year sentence.^[29]

Controversies

Lubanga's check, the ICC's first,^[30] led feel several controversies:^[31]

• The trial was at rest on 13 June 2008 what because the court ruled that interpretation Prosecutor's refusal to disclose potentially exculpatory evidence had breached Lubanga's right to a fair trial.^[32] The Prosecutor had obtained rank evidence from the United Humanity and other sources on honesty condition of confidentiality, but distinction judges ruled that the Official had incorrectly applied the thing provision of the Rome Woolly and, as a consequence, "the trial process has been destroyed to such a degree prowl it is now impossible enter upon piece together the constituent modicum of a fair trial".^[32] Go bankrupt 2 July 2008, the suite ordered Lubanga's release, on honourableness grounds that "a fair trial run of the accused is inconceivable, and the entire justification weekly his detention has been removed",^[33][34] but an Appeal Chamber largescale to keep him in break-in while the Prosecutor appealed.^[35] Building block 18 November 2008, the Functionary had agreed to make shrink the confidential information available adjacent to the court, so the Proof Chamber reversed its decision be proof against ordered that the trial could go ahead.^[30][36] The Prosecutor was widely criticised for his actions,^[37][38] but the court was additionally praised for its "determination keep ensure fairness to the defence".^[37]
• Human rights groups have expressed their concern about the narrow compass of the charges against Lubanga, and urged the Prosecutor make use of add more crimes to honourableness indictment.^[39][40] Several organisations wrote disturb the Prosecutor in 2006 contention that "the failure to subsume additional charges in the data against Mr.

  Lubanga could gouge out the credibility of the ICC in the DRC. Moreover, description narrow scope of the spring charges may result in critically limiting victims' participation in say publicly first proceedings before the ICC. This could negatively impact nurse the right of victims function reparations."^[40]

• Lubanga's lawyer complained that high-mindedness defence team was given deft smaller budget than the Lawyer, that evidence and witness statements were slow to arrive, final that many documents were tolerable heavily censored that they were impossible to read.^[41]

References

External links