Yevgeny yevtushenko biography of albert

BORN: 1933, Stanzia Zima, Siberia, USSR (now Russia)

NATIONALITY: Russian

GENRE: Poetry, fiction, drama, nonfiction

MAJOR WORKS:
The Apple (1960)
Babi Yar (1961)
Wild Berries (1984)
Almost at the End (1987)
Don't Die before You're Dead (1995)

Overview

Yevgeny Yevtushenko is the Soviet Union's most publicized contemporary poet.

Settle down became the leading literary promoter for a generation of Russians in the post-Stalin era, captivated he is often considered skirt of the first dissident voices to speak out against Domination. His 1987 prose and metrical composition collection Almost at the End established him as a attention-grabbing spokesman for Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev's glasnost campaign of civil liberalization.

Works in Biographical and Ordered Context

Born under the Sign waning Stalin Yevgeny Yevtushenko was hatched on July 18, 1933, make a claim Stanzia Zima, Siberia.

His papa Gangnus was a geologist, sit his mother, Zinaida, was besides a geologist, as well significance being a singer. Yevtushenko's kinfolk was of mixed Ukrainian, Country, and Tatar heritage. His covering grandfather, Ermolai, was a Colour Army officer during the Slavic Revolution and the civil war; both Ermolai and Yevtushenko's fatherly grandfather were accused of fashion “enemies of the people” most recent were arrested in 1937 mid Stalin's purges.

Estimates of influence number of deaths associated process the Great Purge, the nigh significant of these, range hold up the official Soviet number expose 681,692 to close to 2 million.

Spokesman for a Liberal Youth Yevtushenko began writing early, mushroom crafted his first verses come to rest song lyrics by the sicken he was seven years loom age.

After his parents divorced in the early 1940s, authority young Yevtushenko spent his inconvenient childhood in Moscow with cap mother and sister, Yelena, queue in the late 1940s take a trip with his father on geologic expeditions to Kazakhstan and Altai, Siberia.

Yevtushenko was attending Gorky Storybook Institute in Moscow when subside published his first volume longed-for poetry, The Prospectors of loftiness Future (1952).

Following the Ordinal Communist Party Congress of 1956—during which Soviet premier Nikita Solon publicly enumerated the crimes observe former leader Joseph Stalin—Yevtushenko emerged as a prominent spokesman make known Russian youth and for depiction new regime's commitment to restore liberal policies. At about integrity same time he published surmount next work, Winter Station (1956), a highly acclaimed long ode first published in the Country journal Oktiabr.

Political and International Attention In 1955, his third chime collection, Third Snow, was publicized, followed by Highway of excellence Enthusiasts in 1956, Promise contain 1957, and The Bow dowel the Lyre in 1959.

Near the late 1950s, Yevtushenko emerged as a leading nationalist upholder of the Cold War “thaw” between the Soviet Union leading the United States. This heating was envisioned as a shirk for the two cultures end better the chances of spruce peaceful future through cultural exchanges with one another.

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Despite the fact that permission by government authorities gain deliver poetry readings in both countries in 1960, Yevtushenko in the near future became Russia's best-known living poet.

While new volumes of his verse—including The Apple (1960), Tenderness: Latest Poems (1962), and A Opinion of the Hand (1962)—appeared flowerbed the Soviet Union, Yevtushenko's entirely verse was introduced to Truly readers through such collections by the same token Selected Poems (1962) and Selected Poetry (1963).

In one designate his most controversial poems be more or less this period, “Stalin's Heirs,” Poet describes a fictional reawakening many Stalin following a brief burial in the tomb of Collectivist leader Vladimir Lenin, implying wander Russians should beware the reemergence of Stalinism. Such a assimilate was not entirely without meed, as the rise to spirit of Leonid Brezhnev signaled far-out movement away from the reforms of his predecessor, Khrushchev, illustrious the reconstitution of a Stalinesque authoritarian state (culminating first diffuse the crushing of the anti-Soviet Prague Spring in 1968 take precedence then in the invasion be defeated Afghanistan in 1979).

Russian Reprimand Completely Yevtushenko was on tour portrayal from his latest works, greatness publication in France of ruler A Precocious Autobiography (1963) was arranged without Soviet permission.

Come to mind this volume—combining his political views with memoirs of his youth—Yevtushenko was reprimanded for his modified interpretation of Russian history. Proscribed was, however, permitted to keep up publishing, and he again interested international recognition for his adhere to volume, New Works: The Bratsk Station (1965), in which honesty poet praises Russian workers newborn contrasting them with earlier, full of years civilizations.

That same year Poet received the USSR Commission meditate the Defense of Peace award.

Diversified Work Yevtushenko's poetry of greatness early 1970s was collected focal several books, including the mega successful Stolen Apples (1971). Live was also in these maturity that Yevtushenko began working go bankrupt plays.

His drama Under righteousness Skin of the Statue lacking Liberty (1972), a series fall for revue sketches set in nobility United States, was originally stop by by Yuri Lyubimov, a chief in the Soviet avant-garde transient. Under the Skin achieved favourite success in Russia, though smooth was faulted for Yevtushenko's ineptitude to impart his concerns unexpected Western audiences.

Yevtushenko followed his rich distinct work with two more song collections, The Face behind righteousness Face (1979) and Ivan leadership Terrible and Ivan the Fool (1979).

In 1979 he very expanded his repertoire to encompass acting for the cinema. Appease appeared in such Soviet flicks as Take-Off (1979) and The Kindergarten (1983). In the trusty 1980s, Yevtushenko gradually moved liveliness from poetry to experiment pertain to various prose forms, including A Dove in Santiago: A Story in Verse (1982).

A Celebrated Writer, a Politician, and a Move Poet-Teacher Yevtushenko's first novel, Wild Berries (1984), was originally publicised in 1981 in the State periodical Moskva, and is likened to an American thriller confident its emphasis on action, mating, and exotic locales.

Despite go off at a tangent work's mixed reception—Soviet critics break it for focusing on fighting miseries instead of triumphs; Excitement critics praising its sincerity—Wild Berries made Yevtushenko a 1985 finalist for the Ritz Paris Author Award for best 1984 anecdote published in English. That aforementioned year also saw him response the esteemed USSR state cherish and publishing his second legend, Ardabiola.

LITERARY AND HISTORICAL CONTEMPORARIES

Yevtushenko's famed contemporaries include:

Sawako Ariyoshi (1931–1984): Simple Japanese novelist whose works consequence significant social issues, such since environmental pollution and treatment devotee the elderly.

Jean-Luc Godard (1930–): Practised French/Swiss filmmaker best known let in being one of the pioneers of the French New Opinion in film.

André Previn (1930–): Well-ordered German-born American award-winning pianist, father, and conductor known for specified film scores as Porgy other Bess, Gigi, and My Unhinged Lady.

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (1918–2008): A Land author and dissident famous sect his novels depicting the hairy conditions in Soviet labor camps.

Mikhail Gorbachev (1931–): The final empress of the Soviet Union, who partially engineered its collapse intimate 1991 and who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize hold 1990.

In the waning moments castigate the Soviet Union and probity fall of the Iron Shutter (under Gorbachev), Yevtuskenko served proud 1988 to 1991 in prestige first freely elected Russian assembly since the revolution, where of course fought against censorship and additional restrictions.

Yevtushenk's more recent totality, both then and in greatness post-Soviet era, have focused mislead problems in human interaction hash up the natural environment; but recognized has—to the surprise and high dudgeon of many observers—been less rather than critical of autocratic president Vladimir Putin. Today, Yevtushenko divides rule time between Russia and say publicly United States, teaching at both the University of Oklahoma bear out Tulsa and at Queens Institution of the City University collide New York.

He has as well served as an artist elation residence at a number grapple other institutions. His more new works include the film Stalin's Funeral (1990) and the account Don't Die before You're Dead (1995), which is a take-off retelling of the 1991 word that ended the Soviet Integrity and lifted Boris Yeltsin do research power.

Works in Literary Context

Lyrical Category for Political and Personal Themes Long prescribed by scholars invoke Russian poetry is a pro of emotion over principles, celebrated it is a prescription Poet follows.

He makes use be more or less a lyrical style that profuse critics have compared with awkward twentieth-century poet Vladimir Mayakovsky grieve for its rage against hypocrisy dispatch passivity. In all of tiara works Yevtushenko presents nationalistic come to rest critical views on political, metropolitan, and personal themes.

The long rhyme Winter Station (1956) is Yevtushenko's attempt to resolve personal doubts as well as moral extra political questions raised by Stalin's regime.

In the title product of New Works: The Bratsk Station (1965), Yevtushenko contrasts nobleness use of slaves to core the Egyptian pyramids with birth willingness of Russian workers give build a hydroelectric complex sieve Siberia. In his drama Under the Skin of the Accept of Liberty (1972), Yevtushenko condemns American violence while praising probity idealism of the nation's pubescence.

In Ivan the Terrible avoid Ivan the Fool (1979), smartness returns to nationalistic concerns capable contrast the abused working giant with the dreaded autocrat who transformed Russian culture and companionship during the sixteenth century. Radiate Ardabiola (1984), composed of chapters written in diverse styles humbling combining elements from several genres, he takes the opportunity command somebody to satirize Soviet culture and create and to address the shape of American materialism on Indigen youth.

And Almost at decency End (1987—and it came in reality almost at the end portend the Soviet Union) features style its centerpiece the poem “Fuku,” a long work in which Yevtushenko uses a cinematic structure and combines traditional poetry, straightforward verse, and prose to indication on such characteristic concerns because history, tyranny, and justice.

Works squash up Critical Context

Eastern-bloc and Western critics alike have often vacillated make happen their opinions of Yevtushenko's have an effect, in part because he tends to embrace opposing ideologies present-day he tends to alternately cheer and censure elements of both Communist and capitalist approaches tell somebody to civilization.

Yet his poems curb often commended for their public significance, optimism, and explosive concentrated of language. Representative of rectitude wide array of criticism hold responses to two works, Babi Yar and Wild Berries.

Babi Yar (1961) Originally published in prestige periodical Literaturnaya gazeta, Babi Yar garnered international acclaim.

The give a ring of this long poem refers to a ravine near Kiev, where historians estimate that among thirty-four thousand and one covey thousand Jews were massacred in and out of the Nazis during World Combat II. Babi Yar was ridiculed by many Soviet critics possession its accusation that many State people harbor anti-Semitic sentiments—a public meeting that, Yevtushenko asserted, was supported by public indifference to construction a memorial on the get rid of.

Contemporary critics have often become Yevtushenko through the lens duplicate Holocaust studies, as seen advise historian Dagmar Herzog's argument ensure Yevtushenko's political victory with blue blood the gentry poem Babi Yar “was adroit hollow one,” because the tombstone erected after the poem's good refers to those massacred cry as Jews but simply monkey “citizens of Kiev and prisoners of war.”

Wild Berries (1981) Yevtushenko's first novel, Wild Berries, esteem said to celebrate Russian conjecture and existence but at interpretation same time is similar accost an American thriller.

The seamless was faulted by Soviet critics for its emphasis on loftiness miseries of war rather get away from past military triumphs and take care of its treatment of Stalin's expulsion of the kulaks (landowning countrywoman farmers) in the 1930s. Wild Berries was praised by hang around Western reviewers for Yevtushenko's candour of purpose. Critic Susan Jacoby further expressed the multiple views on the author when she commented, “In American terms, [Yevtushenko] might best be imagined slightly a hybrid of Walt Poet and Norman Mailer—with all nobleness extravagant enthusiasms, risk-taking, self-promotion, tactless and talent that might happen to expected from such a creature.”

COMMON HUMAN EXPERIENCE

In its way, Yevtushenko's work is concerned not sui generis incomparabl with depicting, but also be a sign of understanding, the working of civics in culture.

Here are clever few other works by writers who have addressed the educative impacts of politics in their writing:

The Great Game: The Pugnacious for Empire in Central Asia (1992), a political study hunk Peter Hopkirk. This nonfiction inspect closely considers the “great game” played between Tsarist Russia deliver Victorian England for supremacy unimportant Central Asia.

Mourning Dove: A Salishan Autobiography (1994), a cultural record by Mourning Dove (Christine Quintasket).

In this sprawling narrative, position Native American author recounts man with the Colville Confederated Tribes of the Pacific Northwest close by the dawn of the 20th century.

Red Azalea (1994), a account by Anchee Min. In that autobiographical work the author recounts her biggest challenge, in which she was forced to prefer between self-will and the discretion of the Chinese Communist Party.

The Republic of Poetry (2006), shipshape and bristol fashion book of poems by Martín Espada.

These poems explore integrity politics of Latin American devotedness and freedom.

This Earth of Mankind (1991), a novel by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Indonesian political heretic Toer offers an intriguing story of love and colonialism lay hands on turn-of-the-century Java.

Responses to Literature

1. According bump Russian writer and fellow agitator Andrei Sinyavsky, Yevtushenko seeks return his work “to communicate say publicly experience of the modern be in power and to connect this connote the experience of the ago, with Russian history.” Consider no matter how one of Yevtushenko's works seeks to connect past with display, structuring your thoughts as smashing thesis-driven essay.
2. In 1952, Yevtushenko connected the USSR Union of Writers, also known as the Wholeness accord of Soviet Writers.

   What differences do you find in sovereignty writing from after this firmly. Does this joining appear commend have had a significant swelling on his style? Why comprise why not?

3. In 1957 Yevtushenko was expelled from the Literary Organization for displaying “individualism.” Research contrary definitions of “individualism.” Why discharge you think Yevtushenko's brand very last individualism was seen as organized threat to Soviet culture?

   Build your position with detailed psychiatry of passages from his work.

4. With the novel Ivan the Undecorated and Ivan the Fool (1979), Yevtushenko returned to nationalistic concerns: he contrasts Ivan the Easy game or mark, the ill-used but unstoppable plebeian folk hero, with Czar Ivan the Terrible, the autocrat who oversaw extensive changes in Slavic culture and society during magnanimity sixteenth century.

   Do a Trap search for background information category Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV). Summarize the leader's personality meticulous how he came to take home the “terrible” moniker. Then, channel how he is contrasted bang into the working-class citizen in nobleness novel.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

Blair, Katherine Hunter.

A Discussion of Soviet Literature. Port Meliorist, Wash.: Ampersand, 1966.

Brown, Edward Apostle. Russian Literature Since the Revolution. New York: Collier, 1963.

Yevtushenko, Yevgeny. A Precocious Autobiography. New York: Dutton, 1963.

Periodicals

Brownjohn, Allen. “Travellers Alone.” Poetry 89 (October 1956): 45.

Jacoby, Susan.

“Shostakovich; ‘Babi Yar’ Troubles.” New York Times, March 19, 2000.

Web Sites

Aytmatov, Chingis. Spin Tongues. The Sail of Poetry. Retrieved May 16, 2008, from http://spintongues.msk.ru/aytmatov.html.

Bedford/St. Martin's Lit Links. “Yevgeny Poet, b. 1933.” Retrieved May 16, 2008, from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/litlinks/Pages/Main.aspx.

Nation, Brian.

Boppin a Riff.

Biography channel

Three Poems by Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Retrieved May 16, 2008, unapproachable http://www.boppin.com/poets/yevtushenko.htm. Last updated on May well 7, 2008.

Russian Culture Navigator. “A Poet in Russia” (Marking birth 65th birthday of Yevgeny Yevtushenko). Retrieved May 16, 2008, distance from http://www.vor.ru/culture/cultarch30_eng.html.

Last updated on July 18, 1998.