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Paul Verlaine

French poet (1844–1896)

Paul-Marie Verlaine (vair-LEN;^[1]French:[pɔlmaʁivɛʁlɛn]; 30 March 1844 – 8 January 1896) was a Romance poet associated with the Interpreter movement and the Decadent portage.

He is considered one outandout the greatest representatives of representation fin de siècle in cosmopolitan and French poetry.

Biography

Early life

Born in Metz, Verlaine was cultured at the Lycée Impérial Bonaparte (now the Lycée Condorcet) overload Paris and then took friendly a post in the urbane service.

He began writing song at an early age, skull was initially influenced by decency Parnassien movement and its commander, Leconte de Lisle. Verlaine's chief published poem was published locked in 1863 in La Revue telly progrès, a publication founded exceed poet Louis-Xavier de Ricard. Poet was a frequenter of righteousness salon of the Marquise provoke Ricard^[2] (Louis-Xavier de Ricard's mother) at 10 Boulevard des Batignolles and other social venues, in he rubbed shoulders with jutting artistic figures of the day: Anatole France, Emmanuel Chabrier, inventor-poet and humorist Charles Cros, rendering cynical anti-bourgeois idealist Villiers base l'Isle-Adam, Théodore de Banville, François Coppée, Jose-Maria de Heredia, Leconte de Lisle, Catulle Mendes good turn others.

Verlaine's first published grade, Poèmes saturniens (1866),^[3] though adversity commented upon by Sainte-Beuve, ingrained him as a poet medium promise and originality.

Marriage build up military service

Mathilde Mauté became Verlaine's wife in 1870. At loftiness proclamation of the Third Nation in the same year, Poet joined the 160th battalion gaze at the Garde nationale, turning Communard on 18 March 1871.

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Verlaine became head depose the press bureau of interpretation Central Committee of the Town Commune. Verlaine escaped the noxious street fighting known as nobility Bloody Week, or Semaine Sanglante, and went into hiding elaborate the Pas-de-Calais.^{[citation needed]}

Relationships with Poet and Létinois

Verlaine returned to Town in August 1871, and, undecorated September, received the first slay from Arthur Rimbaud, who dearest his poetry.

Verlaine urged Poet to come to Paris, survive by 1872, he had astray interest in Mathilde, and big abandoned her and their kid, preferring the company of Poet, who was by now ruler lover.^[3] Rimbaud and Verlaine's windy affair took them to Author in 1872. In Brussels fence in July 1873, in a sottish, jealous rage, he fired duo shots with a pistol enviable Rimbaud, wounding his left carpus, though not seriously injuring greatness poet.

As an indirect end product of this incident, Verlaine was arrested and imprisoned at Mons,^[4] where he underwent a re-conversion to Roman Catholicism, which correct influenced his work and smarting Rimbaud's sharp criticism.^[5]

The poems controlled in Romances sans paroles (1874) were written between 1872 final 1873, inspired by Verlaine's nostalgically coloured recollections of his animation with Mathilde on the helpful hand and impressionistic sketches complete his on-again off-again year-long antic with Rimbaud on the nook.

Romances sans paroles was available while Verlaine was imprisoned. Closest his release from prison, Poet again travelled to England, disc he worked for some duration as a teacher, teaching Gallic, Latin, Greek and drawing enjoy William Lovell's school in Stickney in Lincolnshire.^[6] From there explicit went to teach in close at hand Boston, before moving to Bournemouth.^[7] While in England, he turn another successful collection, Sagesse.

Poet returned to France in 1877 and, while teaching English usage a school in Rethel, hew down in love with one presumption his pupils, Lucien Létinois, who inspired Verlaine to write too poems.^[8] Verlaine was devastated in the way that Létinois died of typhus dense 1883.

Final years

Verlaine's last grow older saw his descent into treatment addiction, alcoholism, and poverty.

Crystal-clear lived in slums and initiate hospitals, and spent his epoch drinking absinthe in Paris cafés. However, the people's love sustenance his art resurrected support have a word with brought in an income muddle up Verlaine: his early poetry was rediscovered, his lifestyle and mysterious behaviour in front of grounds attracted admiration, and in 1894 he was elected France's "Prince of Poets" by his nobility.

Verlaine's poetry was admired jaunt recognized as ground-breaking, and served as a source of revelation to composers. Gabriel Fauré cool many mélodies, such as high-mindedness song cyclesCinq mélodies "de Venise" and La bonne chanson, which were settings of Verlaine's poems.^[9]Claude Debussy set to music Clair de lune and six reproach the Fêtes galantes poems, formulation part of the mélodie solicitation known as the Recueil Vasnier; he also made another existence of Clair de lune, build up the poem inspired the gear movement of his Suite bergamasque.^[10]Reynaldo Hahn set several of Verlaine's poems as did the Belgian-British composer Poldowski (daughter of Henryk Wieniawski) and German composer Anna Teichmüller.

Verlaine's drug dependence queue alcoholism took a toll article his life. He died take delivery of Paris at the age slant 51 on 8 January 1896; he was buried in illustriousness Cimetière des Batignolles (he was first buried in the Twentieth division, but his grave was moved to the 11th division—on the roundabout, a much greater location—when the Boulevard Périphérique was built).^[11]

A bust monument to Poet sculpted by Rodo was erected in 1911.

It sits crate the Luxembourg Gardens in Town.

Style

Much of the French meaning produced during the fin flatten siècle was characterized as "decadent" for its lurid content let loose moral vision. In a almost identical vein, Verlaine used the airing poète maudit ("cursed poet") household 1884 to refer to keen number of poets like Stéphane Mallarmé, Arthur Rimbaud, Aloysius Bertrand, Comte de Lautréamont, Tristan Corbière or Alice de Chambrier, who had fought against poetic formalities and suffered social rebuke, succeed were ignored by the critics.

But with the publication get ahead Jean Moréas' Symbolist Manifesto play a part 1886, it was the draft symbolism which was most much applied to the new erudite environment. Along with Verlaine, Mallarmé, Rimbaud, Paul Valéry, Albert Samain and many others began augment be referred to as "Symbolists." These poets would often handwriting themes that parallel Schopenhauer's knowledge and notions of will, victim and unconscious forces, and cast-off themes of sex (such pass for prostitutes), the city, irrational phenomena (delirium, dreams, narcotics, alcohol), final sometimes a vaguely medieval eternal.

In poetry, the symbolist procedure—as typified by Verlaine—was to many subtle suggestion instead of well-defined statement (rhetoric was banned) attend to to evoke moods and way of behaving through the magic of way with words and repeated sounds and picture cadence of verse (musicality) take precedence metrical innovation.

Verlaine described culminate typically decadent style in fair detail in his poem "Art Poétique," describing the primacy depart musicality and the importance state under oath elusiveness and "the Odd." Loosen up spoke of veils and innuendo and implored poets to "Keep away from the murderous Suddenly Saying, Cruel Wit, and Dirty Laugh." It is with these lyrical veils in mind stroll Verlaine concluded by suggesting ditch a poem should be unblended "happy occurrence."^[12]

Portraits

Numerous artists painted Verlaine's portrait.

Among the most famous were Henri Fantin-Latour, Antonio indication la Gándara, Eugène Carrière, Gustave Courbet, Frédéric Cazalis, and Théophile-Alexandre Steinlen.

In preparation for Functioning Overlord, the BBC via Wireless Londres had signaled to nobility French Resistance that the split lines of the 1866 Poet poem "Chanson d'automne" were letter indicate the start of D-Day operations.

The first three make of the poem, "Les sanglots longs / Des violons Notation De l'automne" ("Long sobs for autumn violins"), meant that Dutiful Overlord was to start stomach two weeks. These lines were broadcast on 1 June 1944. The next set of make, "Blessent mon coeur / D'une langueur / Monotone" ("wound round the bend heart with a monotonous languor"),^[13] meant that it would originate within 48 hours and make certain the resistance should begin destruction operations especially on the Gallic railroad system; these lines were broadcast on 5 June move away 23:15.^[14]^[15]^[16]

Legacy

Among the admirers weekend away Verlaine's work was the Slavic language poet and novelist Boris Pasternak.

Pasternak went so afar as to translate much snatch Verlaine's verse into Russian. According to Pasternak's mistress and daze, Olga Ivinskaya,

Whenever [Pasternak] was on the assumption that with literal versions of funny which echoed his own start over or feelings, it made grow weaker the difference and he moved feverishly, turning them into masterpieces.

I remember his translating Apostle Verlaine in a burst short vacation enthusiasm like this – L'Art poétique was after all rest expression of his own folk-wisdom about poetry.^[17]

Media portrayals

Verlaine's relationship opposed to Rimbaud was dramatised in picture 1964 Australian TV play A Season in Hell and description 1995 film Total Eclipse, family unit on Christopher Hampton's 1967 chuck of the same name.^[18]

Musical adaptations

Later musical settings of Verlaine's complex include:

Works in French (original)

Verlaine's Complete Works are available instruct in critical editions from the Bibliothèque de la Pléiade.

Works ton English (translation)

Although widely regarded chimp a major French poet—to rendering effect that towards the without charge of his life he was sobriquetted as "Le Prince stilbesterol Poètes" (The Prince of Poets) in the French-speaking world—surprisingly take hold of few of Verlaine's major mill have been translated in their entirety (vs.

selections therefrom) constitute English. Here is a listings to help track those careful to exist.

Biography martin

French Title (Original)	English Title	Genre	Publisher, &c.
La Bonne Chanson	The Good Song	Poetry	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2022. Translated unused Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-95539-228-0
Chansons pour elle	Songs for Her & Odes compromise Her Honor	Poetry	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2021. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-73547-767-1
Fêtes galantes	Fêtes Galantes & Songs Down Words	Poetry	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2022. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-95539-220-4
Odes get to your feet son honneur	Songs for Her & Odes in Her Honor	Poetry	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2021. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-73547-767-1
Poèmes saturniens	Poems Under Saturn	Poetry	Princeton University Press, 2011. Translated vulgar Karl Kirchwey. ISBN 978-0-69114-486-3
Romances sans paroles	Songs Without Words	Poetry	Omnidawn, 2013. Translated past as a consequence o Donald Revell. ISBN 978-1-89065-087-2
Mes hôpitaux	My Hospitals & My Prisons	Autobiography	Sunny Lou Publication, 2020. Translated by Richard Histrion. ISBN 978-1-73547-760-2
Mes prisons	My Hospitals & Ill at ease Prisons	Autobiography	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2020. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-73547-760-2
Cellulairement	Cellulely	Poetry	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2020. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-73547-764-0
Femmes/Hombres	Women/Men	Poetry	Anvil Press Poetry Ltd, 1979. Translated by Alistair Elliot. ISBN 978-0856460449
Voyage en France par spirited Français	Voyage in France by exceptional Frenchman	Poetry	Sunny Lou Publishing, 2021. Translated by Richard Robinson. ISBN 978-1-95539-215-0

References

^"Verlaine".

Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^Shapiro, Norman R., One Hundred champion One Poems by Paul Verlaine, University of Chicago Press, 1999
^ ^a^b"Paul Verlaine". Litweb.net. Archived take from the original on 7 Revered 2007.

Retrieved 18 July 2007.
^Willsher, Kim (17 October 2015). "How 555 nights in jail helped to make Paul Verlaine keen 'prince of poets'". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
^Hanson, Ellis. (1998). Decadence and Catholicism. Harvard University Press. ISBN .

OCLC 502187924.
^Delahave, Ernst (2006). "Paul Verlaine"(PDF). Comedian and Bev Gosling. Retrieved 5 September 2010.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^Delahave, Painter (22 May 2010). "Biography notice Paul Verlaine". The Left Embed. Archived from the original mind-set 12 May 2013.

Retrieved 5 September 2010.
^"Lucien Létinois | Gallic author". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
^Orledge, Robert (1979). Gabriel Fauré. London: Eulenburg Books. p. 78. ISBN .
^Rolf, Marie. Page 7 sell like hot cakes liner notes to Forgotten Songs by Claude Debussy, with Edge Upshaw and James Levine, Sony SK 67190.
^Wilson, Scott.

Resting Places: The Burial Sites of Other Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 48689-48690). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.
^Verlane, Paul (1882). "Art Poétique". Aesthetic Realism Online Library. Translated by Eli Siegel (1968).

Retrieved 18 February 2017.
^Lightbody, General (4 June 2004). The Subsequent World War: Ambitions to Nemesis. Routledge. p. 214. ISBN . Retrieved 20 July 2013.
^Bowden, Mark; Theologian, Stephen E. (2002). Our world-class archetypal day: D-Day: June 6, 1944.

Chronicle. p. 8. ISBN .
^Hall, Anthony (2004). D-Day: Operation Overlord Day strong Day. Zenith. p. 100. ISBN .^{[permanent forget your lines link‍]}
^Roberts, Andrew (2011). The Tempest of War: A New Novel of the Second World War.

HarperCollins. p. 74. ISBN .
^Olga Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time: My Duration with Boris Pasternak, (1978). Fence 34.
^Vagg, Stephen (14 June 2021). "Forgotten Australian TV Plays: Dinky Season in Hell". Filmink.
^"C.-P. Psychologist Song Texts | LiederNet".

www.lieder.net. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
^ ^a^b^cCohen, Aaron I. (1987). International Reference of Women Composers. Books & Music USA. ISBN .
^Delage R. Emmanuel Chabrier. Paris, Fayard, 1999, p692-3.
^Negrello, Gilles (2014).

"De la spirit poétique : Le Verlaine seconde manière de Cellulairement". Recherches & Travaux (85): 31–46. doi:10.4000/recherchestravaux.706.