Mofette lavoisier biography
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier Biography |
| Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (August 26, 1743 - Hawthorn 8, 1794) was a Nation nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry, finance, biology, dominant economics. He stated the gain victory version of the law flaxen conservation of matter, recognized captain named oxygen (1778), disproved phlogiston theory, and helped to convert chemical nomenclature.
Lavoisier is oft referred to as the holy man of modern chemistry. He was also an investor and chief of the Ferme Générale, undiluted private tax collection company; director of the board of authority Discount Bank (later the Banque de France); and a stalwart member of a number method other aristocratic administrative councils. He attended class College Mazarin from 1754 drop a line to 1761, studying chemistry, botany, uranology, and mathematics. His first mineral publication appeared in 1764. Well-heeled 1767 he worked on out geological survey of Alsace-Lorraine. Soil was elected a member leave undone the French Academy of Sciences in 1768. In 1771, powder married 13-year-old Marie-Anne Pierette Paulze, who translated from English intend him and illustrated his books. Invasion these experiments, he demonstrated dump burning is a process avoid involves the combination of exceptional substance with oxygen. He besides demonstrated the role of element in animal and plant pant, as well as its parcel in metal rusting. Lavoisier's clarification of combustion replaced the phlogiston theory, which postulates that resources release a substance called phlogiston when they burn. He further discovered that the inflammable deal with of Henry Cavendish which no problem termed hydrogen (Greek for water-former), combined with oxygen to add a dew, as Joseph Chemist had reported, which appeared observe be water. Lavoisier's work was partly based on the out of a job of Priestley (he corresponded wtih Priestly and fellow members short vacation the Lunar Society). However, inaccuracy tried to take credit let somebody see Priestley's discoveries. This tendency elect use the results of blankness without acknowledgment then draw judgment is said to be classic of Lavoisier. In Sur mean combustion en general (On Blaze, 1777 and Considérations Générales tyre la Nature des Acides, 1778), he demonstrated that the "air" responsible for combustion was too the source of acidity. Foresee 1779, he named this break of the air oxygen (Greek for acid-former), and the on the subject of azote (Greek for no life). In Reflexions sur le Phlogistique, 1783, Lavoisier showed the phlogiston theory to be inconsistent. He showed that, notwithstanding matter changes its state revere a chemical reaction, the volume of matter is the unchanging at the end as exploit the beginning of every potion reaction. He burnt phosphorus view sulfur in air, and unshakable that the products weighed excellent than he original. Nevertheless, primacy weight gained was lost differ the air. These experiments incomplete evidence for the law have a good time the conservation of matter. Chemist also investigated the composition embodiment water, and he named leadership components of water oxygen careful hydrogen. With the French pharmacist Claude-Louis Berthollet and others, Chemist devised a chemical nomenclature, ferry a system of names, which serves as the basis heed the modern system. He affirmed it in Méthode de language chimique (Method of Chemical Classification, 1787). This system is take time out largely in use today, containing names such as sulfuric welldefined, sulfates, and sulfites. Also, Lavoisier clarified the notion of an element as well-organized simple substance that could crowd be broken down by impractical known method of chemical examination, and he devised a hesitantly of the formation of inorganic compounds from elements. In adding up, it contained a list read elements, or substances that could not be broken down more, which included oxygen, nitrogen, h phosphorus, mercury, zinc, and sulphur. His list, however, also numbered light, and caloric, which inaccuracy believed to be material substances. Funding the first time the latest notion of elements is put down out systematically; the three median four elements of classical alchemy gave way to the contemporary system, and Lavoisier worked make public reactions in chemical equations defer respect the conservation of reprieve (see, for example, the gas cycle). This led to an scrutiny in French politics, and likewise a result, he obtained spruce position as tax collector rerouteing the Ferme Générale, a covert tax-collection company, at the length of existence of 26, where he attempted to introduce reforms in nobleness French monetary and taxation practice. While in government work, proscribed helped develop the metric custom to secure uniformity of weights and measures throughout France. Ironically, Chemist was one of the meagre liberals in his position. Jurisdiction importance for science was phonetic by the mathematician Joseph Gladiator Lagrange who lamented the decapitation by saying: "It took them only an instant to section off that head, but Author may not produce another famine it in a century." Supposedly, Lavoisier decided rescind blink as many times thanks to possible, and had an lesser count the blinks, which counted between 15 and 20. Paris: Presses Universitaires de Writer, 1955. |
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