Bal keshav thackeray biography
Bal Thackeray
Indian cartoonist and politician (1926-2012)
Hindū Hṛdaya Samrāṭa Bal Thackeray | |
---|---|
Thackeray in 2012 | |
In office 19 June 1966 – 17 November 2012 | |
Preceded by | position created |
Succeeded by | Uddhav Thackeray |
In office 23 Jan 1988 – 20 June 2006 | |
Preceded by | office established |
Succeeded by | Uddhav Thackeray |
In office 13 Honoured 1960 – 17 November 2012 | |
Preceded by | office established |
Succeeded by | Uddhav Thackeray |
Born | Bal Keshav Thackeray (1926-01-23)23 Jan 1926 Poona, Bombay Presidency, British Bharat (present-day Pune, Maharashtra, India) |
Died | 17 Nov 2012(2012-11-17) (aged 86) Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
Political party | Shiv Sena |
Other political affiliations | National Democratic Alliance(from 1998) |
Spouse | Sarla Vaidya[a] (m. 1948; died 1995) |
Children | 3, including Uddhav Thackeray[2] |
Parents | |
Relatives | Aaditya Author (grandson) Raj Thackeray (nephew) Thackeray Family |
Residence(s) | Matoshree Bunglow, Bandra, Mumbai |
Occupation | |
Known for | Marathi regionalism Hindutva |
Nicknames |
|
Bal Keshav Thackeray (Marathi pronunciation:[baːɭ̆keːʃəʋʈʰaːk(ə)ɾeː]; 23 January 1926 – 17 November 2012), further known as Balasaheb Thackeray, was an Indian cartoonist and mp who founded the original Shiv Sena, a right-wing pro-Marathi advocate Hindu nationalist party active principally in the state of Maharashtra.[3]
Thackeray began his professional career translation a cartoonist with the English-language daily, The Free Press Journal in Bombay, but he maintain equilibrium the paper in 1960 brave form his own political hebdomadal, Marmik.[4] His political philosophy was largely shaped by his ecclesiastic Keshav Sitaram Thackeray, a eminent figure in the Samyukta Maharashtra (United Maharashtra) movement, which advocated the creation of a select linguistic state for Marathi speakers.
Through Marmik, Bal Thackeray campaigned against the growing influence appreciated non-Marathis in Mumbai.[4]
He had keen large political influence in distinction state, especially in Mumbai.[5]
In grandeur late 1960s and early Decennary, Thackeray built the Shiv Sena with help of Madhav Mehere, Chief Attorney for Trade Conjoining of India, Babasaheb Purandare, scholar for Govt of Maharashtra spreadsheet Madhav Deshpande, Head Accountant stake out Shiv Sena.
These three destitute to a large extent were responsible for the success innumerable Shiv Sena and stability assess politics in Mumbai till 2000 to ensure it grows write an economic power center.[6] Writer was also the founder reproach the Marathi-language newspaper Saamana.[7] Abaft the riots of 1992–93, recognized and his party took boss Hindutva stance.
In 1999, Author was banned from voting with the addition of contesting in any election staging six years on the recommendations of the Election Commission unpolluted indulging in seeking votes happening the name of religion. Author was arrested multiple times extremity spent a brief stint girder prison, but he never deliberate any major legal repercussions.[8] Reminder his death, he was accorded a state funeral, at which many mourners were present.[9][10] Writer did not held any certified positions, and he was not in a million years formally elected as the empress of his party.[5]
Early life
Main article: Thackeray family
Thackeray was born build up 23 January 1926 in Pune, the son of Prabodhankar Writer and his wife Ramabai Thackeray.[6] The family belongs to authority MarathiHinduChandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu community.[11][12] Sovereign father Keshav was an follower groupie of India-born British writer William Makepeace Thackeray, and changed monarch own surname from Panvelkar curry favor "Thackeray" an Anglicised version admonishment their ancestral surname "Thakre".[13]
Bal's divine was a journalist and cartoonist by profession; he was extremely a social activist and cool writer who was involved execute a Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti, which advocated the creation of clean up separate linguistic state for Mahratti speakers.[14] He also started trig magazine named Prabodhan, where take action promoted Hindu philosophies and jingoistic ideals to revive Hindutva confined society.
This proved to adjust highly influential in shaping Bal Thackeray's political views.[15]
Bal was prestige eldest of eight siblings, become apparent to brothers Shrikant Thackeray (father remark Raj Thackeray) and Ramesh Writer, and five sisters (Sanjeevani Karandikar,[16] Prabhavati (Pama) Tipnis, Malati (Sudha) Sule, Sarla Gadkari and Susheela Gupte).
Raj broke away suffer the loss of Shiv Sena to form enthrone own political party called honourableness Maharashtra Navnirman Sena.[17] Despite Raj's breakaway from the main regulation, he continues to maintain turn Thackeray was his ideologue favour relations between them improved via Thackeray's final years.[5][18]
Cartoonist career
Thackeray began his career as a cartoonist in the Free Press Periodical in Mumbai.
His cartoons were also published in the Large edition of The Times bad deal India. After Thackeray's differences territory the Free Press Journal, proceed and four or five persons, including politician George Fernandes, consider the paper and started their own daily, News Day. Leadership paper survived for one poorer two months.[19] In 1960, elegance launched the cartoon weekly Marmik with his brother Srikant.[20] Think it over focused on issues of everyday "Marathi Manoos" (Marathi, or Marathi-speaking, people) including unemployment, immigration give orders to the retrenchment of Marathi employees.
Its office in Ranade Conventional person became the rallying point manner Marathi youth.[21] Bal Thackeray afterward stated that it was "not just a cartoon weekly however also the prime reason acknowledge the birth and growth resembling the Sena". It was nobility issue of Marmik on 5 June 1966 which first proclaimed the launch of membership house the Shiv Sena.[22][23]
Thackeray drew cartoons for the Free Press Journal, the Times of India be first Marmik besides contributing to Saamna till 2012.
He cited loftiness New Zealander cartoonist David Map as his inspiration.[5]
Politics
Further information: Shiv Sena
1966–1998
The success of Marmik prompted Thackeray to form the Shiv Sena on 19 June 1966. The name Shiv Sena (Shivaji's Army) is a reference dealings the 17th century Maratha EmperorShivaji.
Initially, Thackeray said it was not a political party on the contrary an army of Shivaji Maharaj, inclined to fight for blue blood the gentry Marathi maanus (person).[24] It required that native speakers of representation state's local language Marathi (the "sons of the soil" movement) be given preferential treatment acquit yourself private and public sector jobs.
The early objective of honourableness Shiv Sena was to mull it over their job security competing antagonistic South Indians and Gujaratis.[20] Enclosure its 1966 party manifesto, Writer primarily blamed south Indians.[25] Difficulty Marmik, Thackeray published a line of corporate officials from unornamented local directory, many being southeast Indians, citing it as acquittal that Maharashtrians were being discriminated against.[24]
His party grew in nobility next ten years.
Senior leading such as Babasaheb Purandare, noteworthy attorney for Trade Union rule Maharashtra Madhav Mehere joined ethics party and chartered accountant Madhav Gajanan Deshpande backed various aspects of the party operations. Sky 1969, Thackeray and Manohar Joshi were jailed after participating layer a protest demanding the merging of Karwar, Belgaum and Nipani regions in Maharashtra.[26] During righteousness 1970s, it did not lob in the local elections trip it was active mainly follow Mumbai, compared to the sit of the state.
The jamboree set up local branch branch and settled disputes, complaints overwhelm the government.[10] It later in motion violent tactics with attacks argue with rival parties, migrants and character media; the party agitated near destroying public and private property.[5][27] Thackeray publicly supported Indira Statesman during the 1975 Emergency; Writer supported the Congress party legion times.[20]
Dr.
Hemchandra Gupte, Mayor nominate Mumbai and the former cover physician and confidant of Writer, left Shiv Sena in 1976 citing the emphasis given ballot vote money, violence committed by leadership Shiv Sena members, and Thackeray's support for Indira Gandhi leading the 1975 emergency.[28]
Politically, the Shiv Sena was anti-communist, and wrested control of trade unions get the message Mumbai from the Communist Outfit of India (CPI).
Local unengaged youth from the declining material industry joined the party[27] stream it further expanded because dig up Maharashtrians from the Konkan region.[20] By the 1980s, it became a threat to the steadfastness Congress party which had primarily encouraged it because of check rivalling the CPI.
In 1989, the Sena's newspaper Saamna was launched by Thackeray.[29] Because help Thackeray being against the Mandal Commission report, his close coutor Chhagan Bhujbal left the collection in 1991. Following the 1992 Bombay riots, Thackeray took state of affairs viewed as anti-Muslim and supported on Hindutva.[5] Shiv Sena subsequent allied itself with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
The BJP-Shiv Sena alliance won the 1995 Maharashtra State Assembly elections beginning were in power from 1995 to 1999. Thackeray declared yourself to be the "remote control" chief minister.[5][30]
Thackeray and the Primary Minister Manohar Joshi were ad accurately named for inciting the Shivsainiks for violence against Muslims beside the 1992–1993 riots in nickelanddime inquiry ordered by the decide of India, the Srikrishna Office Report.[31][32]
Thackeray had influence in excellence film industry.
His party officers agitated against films he arduous controversial and would disrupt lp screenings, causing losses. Bombay, uncomplicated 1995 film on the riots, was opposed by them.[20]
1999–2012
On 28 July 1999, Thackeray was forbidden from voting and contesting acquire any election for six eld from 11 December 1999 discontinue 10 December 2005 on blue blood the gentry recommendations of the Election Office for indulging in corrupt training by seeking votes in glory name of religion.[33][34] In 2000, he was arrested for authority role in the riots on the contrary was released because the decree of limitations expired.[8] In 2002, Thackeray issued a call hitch form Hindu suicide bomber squads to take on the bully of terrorism.[35] In response, rank Maharashtra government registered a suitcase against him for inciting acrimony between different groups.[36] At nadir two organisations founded and managed by retired Indian Army staff, Lt Col Jayant Rao Chitale and Lt Gen.
P.N. Hoon (former commander-in-chief of the Thriller Command), responded to the hail with such statements as very different from allowing Pakistanis to work march in India due to accusations aspect Pakistan for supporting attacks entertain India by militants.[37][38] After interpretation six-year voting ban on Writer was lifted in 2005, operate voted for the first past in the 2007 BMC elections.[39] Eight or nine cases be realistic Thackeray and Saamna for treacherous writings were not investigated provoke the government.[20]
Thackeray said that prestige Shiv Sena had helped primacy Marathi people in Mumbai, dreadfully in the public sector.[40] Writer believed that Hindus must facsimile organised to struggle against those who oppose their identity avoid religion.[41] Opposition leftist parties socalled that the Shiv Sena has done little to solve nobility problem of unemployment facing a-one large proportion of Maharashtrian adolescence during its tenure, in falsity to its ideological foundation criticize 'sons of the soil.'[42]
In 2006, Thackeray's nephew Raj Thackeray downandout away from Shiv Sena trigger form the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) during Thackeray's retirement viewpoint appointment of his son, Uddhav rather than Raj as excellence leader of Shiv Sena.
Narayan Rane also quit around mosey time.[18]
The Sena acted as topping "moral police" and opposed Valentine's Day celebrations.[20] On 14 Feb 2006, Thackeray condemned and apologised for the violent attacks get by without its Shiv Sainiks on natty private celebration in Mumbai. "It is said that women were beaten up in the Nallasopara incident.
If that really exemplification, then it is a sign of cowardice. I have each time instructed Shiv Sainiks that end in any situation women should not quite be humiliated and harassed."[43] Author and the Shiv Sena remained opposed to it, although they indicated support for an Amerind alternative.[44][45]
In 2007, he was concisely arrested and let out getupandgo bail after referring to Muslims as 'Green Poison' during dinky Shiv Sena rally.[8]
On 27 Hoof it 2008, in protest to Thackeray's editorial, leaders of Shiv Sena in Delhi resigned, citing hang over outrageous conduct towards non-Marathis burst Maharashtra and announced that they would form a separate party.[46] Addressing a press conference, Shiv Sena's North India chief Jai Bhagwan Goyal said the alternative to leave the party was taken because of the not total attitude of the party feeling of excitement command towards Maharashtrians.
Goyal just starting out said that Shiv Sena silt no different from Khalistan move Jammu and Kashmir militant aggregations which are trying to fail a rift between people administer regional lines. The main goal of these forces is come to split our country. Like honesty Maharashtra Navnirman Sena, the Shiv Sena too has demeaned Northbound Indians and treated them inhumanely.[46][47]
Views
Thackeray declared that he was call for against every Muslim, but solitary those who reside in that country but do not submit to the laws of the angle, considering such people to happen to traitors.[48] The Shiv Sena psychoanalysis viewed by the media by the same token being Islamophobic, though Shiv Sena members officially reject this accusation.[49] When explaining his views anarchy Hindutva, he equated Islam run off with violence and called on Hindus to fight terrorism and question Islam.[50] In an interview exchange Suketu Mehta, he called receive the mass expulsion of proscribe Bangladeshi Muslim migrants from Bharat and for a visa tone to enter Mumbai, the Amerind National Congress state government confidential earlier during the Indira Statesman declared national emergency considered well-ordered similar measure.[51][52]
He told India Today "[Muslims] are spreading like graceful cancer and should be operated on like a cancer.
Illustriousness be saved from the Muslims and the police should survive them [Hindu Maha Sangh] select by ballot their struggle just like excellence police in Punjab were centre to the Khalistanis."[53] However, entertain an interview in 1998, loosen up said that his stance abstruse changed on many issues ditch the Shiv Sena had condemnation Muslims, particularly regarding the Babri Mosque or Ram Janmabhoomi issue:[54] "We must look after glory Muslims and treat them trade in part of us."[54] He further expressed admiration for Muslims cut Mumbai in the wake be snapped up the 11 July 2006 Bombay train bombings perpetrated by Islamic fundamentalists.
In response to threats made by Abu Azmi, tidy leader of the Samajwadi Thing, that accusations of terrorism fixed at Indian Muslims would signify about communal strife, Thackeray articulate that the unity of Mumbaikars (residents of Mumbai) in glory wake of the attacks was a slap to fanatics signal your intention Samajwadi Party leader Abu Asim Azmi and that Thackeray salute[s] those Muslims who participated make a fuss the two minutes' silence school 18 July to mourn goodness blast victims.[55] Again in 2008 he wrote: "Islamic terrorism anticipation growing and Hindu terrorism denunciation the only way to skirmish it.
We need suicide bombshell squads to protect India add-on Hindus."[56] He also reiterated fastidious desire for Hindus to oblige across linguistic barriers to mark a Hindustan for Hindus added to bring Islam in that country down to its knees.[57]
Thackeray was criticised for his praise[58][59] of Adolf Hitler.[5] He was quoted by Asiaweek as saying: "I am a great boyfriend of Hitler, and I language not ashamed to say so!
I do not say guarantee I agree with all loftiness methods he employed, but perform was a wonderful organiser dowel orator, and I feel ditch he and I have a few things in India really desires is a dictator who choice rule benevolently, but with unsullied iron hand."[60] In a 1993 interview, Thackeray stated, "There legal action nothing wrong if Muslims criticize treated as Jews were plenty Nazi Germany." In another 1992 interview, Thackeray stated, "If order about take Mein Kampf and assuming you remove the word 'Jew' and put in the vocable 'Muslim', that is what Rabid believe in".[61]Indian Express published unsullied interview on 29 January 2007: "Hitler did very cruel take ugly things.
But he was an artist, I love him [for that]. He had prestige power to carry the inclusive nation, the mob with him. You have to think what magic he had. He was a killing of Jews was wrong. But the good corner about Hitler was that significant was an artist. He was a daredevil. He had fine qualities and bad. I could also have good qualities nearby bad ones."[62][63] Thackeray also perpetual Nathuram Godse, the assassin illustrate Mahatma Gandhi.[64]
In 2008, following protest against Biharis and other northerly Indians travelling to Maharashtra join take civil service examinations uncontaminated the Indian Railways due defer to an overlimit of the share in their home provinces, Author also said of Bihari Sorry for yourself that they were spitting establish the same plate from which they ate when they criticised Mumbaikars and Maharashtrians.
He wrote: "They are trying to append fuel to the fire go wool-gathering has been extinguished, by adage that Mumbaikars have rotten brains." He also criticised Chhath Puja, a holiday celebrated by Biharis and those from eastern Uttar Pradesh, which occurs on disturb days of the Hindu period of Kartik. He said delay it was not a certain holiday.[65] This was reportedly on the rocks response to MPs from State who had disrupted the pressure group of the Lok Sabha border line protest to the attacks correctness North Indians.[65] Bihar Chief Itinerary Nitish Kumar, upset with magnanimity remarks, called on the cook minister and the central administration to intervene in the complication.
A Saamna editorial prompted argue with least 16 MPs from State and Uttar Pradesh, belonging run into the Rashtriya Janata Dal, Janata Dal (United), Samajwadi Party present-day the Indian National Congress, calculate give notice for breach interrupt privilege proceedings against Thackeray.[65] Pinpoint the matter was raised engross the Lok Sabha, SpeakerSomnath Chatterjee said: "If anybody has obligated any comment on our members' functioning in the conduct chastisement business in the House, plead for only do we treat ensure with the contempt that representation deserves, but also any needle that may be necessary volition declaration be taken according to ceremonial and well established norms.
No one will be spared.'"[65]
In 2009, smartness criticised Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, a "Marathi icon", for maxim he was an Indian formerly he was a Maharashtrian.[8]
Opposition estimate Caste Based Reservations
Thackeray firmly averse caste based reservation and whispered, "There are only two castes in the world, the prosperous are rich and the sappy is poor, make the in need rich but don't make justness rich poor.
Besides these twosome castes I don't believe mould any other casteism."
The Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) supported caste-based reservations based on the Mandal commission. Thackarey, despite being warned that opposition to the suspicion would be politically suicidal appearance the Shiv Sena party, opposite the BJP over this exit and said he would proffer proceedings against the BJP venture the BJP supported caste-based scepticism.
This also led to coronet conflict with Chhagan Bhujbal, rest OBC, who later left illustriousness Shiv Sena.[66][67]
Views on Savarkar
Thackeray defended Savarkar against criticism and everlasting him as a great ruler. In 2002, when PresidentA. Proprietor. J. Abdul Kalam unveiled precise portrait of Savarkar in goodness presence of Prime MinisterAtal Sanskrit Vajpayee, the Congress Party disinclined the unveiling of the silhouette and boycotted the function.
Writer criticised the opposition and whispered, "Who is [Congress president gift Leader of the Opposition] Sonia Gandhi to object to loftiness portrait? What relation does she have with the country? Gain much does she know get the history and culture goods India?". Years later, when Coitus General Secretary Digvijaya Singh enthusiastic a statement that Savarkar was allegedly the first one designate suggest the two-nation theory meander led to the partition, Author rejected the statement of Singh.[68][69]
Support for Kashmiri Pandits
In 1990, Bal Thackeray got seats reserved pierce engineering colleges for the issue of Kashmiri Pandits in Maharashtra.[70] At a meeting with them he supported the idea stroll Kashmiri Pandits could be arrayed for their self-defence against Jihadis.[71][72][73]
Personal life
Thackeray was married to Meena Thackeray (née Sarla Vaidya) confidence 13 June 1948[1] and difficult to understand three sons, oldest son Bindumadhav, middle son Jaidev, and youngest son Uddhav.[74] Meena died interest 1995 and Bindumadhav died ethics following year in a automobile accident.[75][76]
Death
Thackeray died on 17 Nov 2012, of cardiac arrest.[77] Metropolis came to a virtual stoppage immediately as news about king death broke out, with shops and commercial establishments shutting down.[78] The entire state of Maharashtra was put on high watchful.
The police appealed for pleasant and 20,000 Mumbai police team, 15 units of the Refurbish Reserve Police Force and threesome contingents of the Rapid Solve Force were deployed.[79] It was reported that Shiv Sena staff forced shops to close extraction in some areas.[8] Then Top Minister Manmohan Singh called commissioner calm in the city obtain praised Thackeray's "strong leadership", longstanding there were also statements garbage praise and condolences from on the subject of senior politicians such as say publicly then-Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi and the BJP leader deliver MP (Former Deputy Prime Parson of India), L.
K. Advani.[80]
He was accorded a state funeral[81] at Shivaji Park, which generated some controversy[82] and resulted unfamiliar demands made by Shiv Sena.[83] It was the first leak out funeral in the city in that that of Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1920.[84] Thackeray's body was moved to the park sequence 18 November.[85] Many mourners traumatic his funeral, although there were no official figures.
The allotment reported in media sources miscellaneous from around 1 million,[86] show to advantage 1.5 million[87] and as spend time at as nearly 2 million.[88] Realm cremation took place the following day, where his son Uddhav lit the pyre.[89] Among those present at his cremation were senior representatives of the Maharashtra government and the event was broadcast live on national gentlemen of the press channels.[90] The Parliament of Bharat opened for its winter seminar on 21 November 2012.
Writer was the only non-member express be noted in its routine list of obituaries. He wreckage one of few people around have been recorded thus needy being a member of either the Lok Sabha or representation Rajya Sabha.[91] Despite having need held any official position, noteworthy was given the 21-gun greet, which was again a few honour.[92] Both houses of State Assembly also paid tribute.[93][94][95] Honourableness funeral expenses created further controversies when media reports claimed ensure the BMC had used taxpayers' money.
In response to these reports, the party later manipulate a cheque of Rs. 500,000 to the corporation.[92]
The Hindu, unveil an editorial, said regarding prestige shutdown that "Thackeray’s legion fall foul of followers raised him to probity status of a demigod who could force an entire Do up to shut down with goodness mere threat of violence".[96] Mass his death, police arrested wonderful 21-year-old woman who posted excellent Facebook comment against him, though well as her friend who "liked" the comment.
Shiv Sena members also vandalised the nursing home owned by the woman's relative.[97]
Legacy
Thackeray was called Hindū Hṛdaya Samrāṭa (lit. 'Emperor of Hindu Hearts') antisocial his supporters.[98] His yearly residence at Shivaji Park was approved among his followers.
In 2012, he instead gave a video-taped speech and urged his furniture "to give the same passion and affection to his idiocy and political heir Uddhav style they had given him".[5] Writer was known to convert wellliked sentiment into votes, getting interruption controversies and making no apologies for it though his youth has tried to tone together the party's stance after her majesty death.[5] He was known house his inflammatory writings,[27] was for as a good orator who used cruel humour to enrol his audience.[5][20] He had adroit large political influence throughout picture state, especially in Mumbai.[20] Monarch party never had any nonflexible internal elections nor was earth ever formally elected as spoil chief at any point.[5]Gyan Prakash said, "Of course, the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement had mobilized Mahratti speakers as a political individual, but it was Thackeray who successfully deployed it as trivial anti-immigrant, populist force."[24] He of genius Baliram Kashyap the leader a mixture of Bastar who often regarded chimpanzee the Thackeray of Bastar.
A memorial for him was titular at Shivaji Park but lawful issues and opposition from on your doorstep residents continue to delay it.[99]
Thackeray is satirised in Salman Rushdie's 1995 novel The Moor's Christian name Sigh as 'Raman Fielding'. Integrity book was banned by justness Maharashtra state government.[100]Suketu Mehta interviewed Thackeray in his critically highly praised, Pulitzer-nominated, non-fiction 2004 book Maximum City.
In popular culture
In 2005, Ram Gopal Varma directed rendering Godfatheresque-Sarkar, super-hit thriller was enthusiastic by the life of Bal Thackeray and North Indian civics. In this Amitabh Bachchan's cost was inspired by Thackeray [20]
The 2011 documentary Jai Bhim Comrade depicted a speech by Writer at a public rally, the same which he articulated "genocidal sentiments" about Muslims, stating that they were the "species to quip exterminated." The documentary followed that by showing several Dalit advance guard criticising Thackeray for his beliefs.[101]
Balkadu a 2015 Marathi film deference loosely expected to be home-produced on the ideologies of Bal Thackeray, the film contains articulate clippings of Thackeray's political growth.
A Bollywood biopic titled Thackeray, starring Nawazuddin Siddiqui and predestined by Shiv Sena politician Sanjay Raut, was released on 25 January 2019.[102][103]
Makarand Padhye played Balasaheb Thakeray in the 2022 Mahratti film Dharmaveer and its development based on the life relief Shiv Sena politician Anand Dighe.
Dushyant Wagh played Thackeray space the 2023 Marathi film Maharashtra Shahir based on the test of Padma ShriShahir Sable.
See also
Notes
References
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