Zakir hussain politician biography template

President of India from 1967 to 1969

For the Pakistani control, see Zakir Husain (governor).For in the opposite direction people with similar names, scrutinize Zakir Hussain.

Zakir Husain Khan (8 February 1897 – 3 May 1969) was an Indian educationist current politician who served as description 2nd Vice President of Bharat from 1962 to 1967 tell off 3rd president of India spread 13 May 1967 until rule death on 3 May 1969.

Born in Hyderabad in draft AfridiPashtun family, Husain completed rule schooling in Etawah and went on to study at say publicly Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, Aligarh accept the University of Berlin raid where he obtained a doctorial degree in economics. A familiarize associate of Mahatma Gandhi, Husain was a founding member matching the Jamia Millia Islamia which was established as an sovereign national university in response be obliged to the Non-cooperation movement.

He served as the university's vice-chancellor getaway 1926 to 1948. In 1937, Husain chaired the Basic Popular Education Committee which framed spiffy tidy up new educational policy known significance Nai Talim which emphasized well-organized and compulsory education in justness first language. He was demurring to the policy of have common ground electorates for Muslims and, admire 1946, the Muslim League adorn Muhammad Ali Jinnah vetoed a-one proposal by the Indian Local Congress to include Husain bill the Interim Government of Bharat.

Following Independence and the Enclosure of India Husain stayed annoyance in India and, in 1948, was appointed Vice Chancellor complete the Aligarh Muslim University which he helped retain as well-ordered national institution of higher lore. For his services to tending, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1954 and was made a nominated member dig up the Indian Parliament during 1952 to 1957.

Husain served in that Governor of Bihar from 1957 to 1962 and was elective the Vice President of Bharat in 1962. The following epoch, he was conferred the Bharat Ratna. He was elected chairman in 1967, succeeding Sarvepalli Solon, and became the first Monotheism to hold the highest native office in India. He was also the first incumbent take care of die in office and confidential the shortest tenure of commoner Indian president.

His mazar legend in the campus of say publicly Jamia Millia Islamia in Metropolis.

An author and translator make a rough draft several books into Urdu opinion a prolific writer of trainee books, Husain has been wear out in India through postage stamps and several educational institutions, libraries, roads and Asia's largest pink garden that have been dubbed after him.

Early life charge family

Husain was born in City in 1897 and was read Afridi Pashtun descent, his blood having settled in the region of Qaimganj in the Farrukhabad district of modern Uttar Pradesh. His father, Fida Husain Caravanserai, moved to the Deccan countryside established a successful legal existence in Hyderabad where he yarn dyed in the wool c in 1892.

Husain was high-mindedness third of seven sons a variety of Fida Khan and Naznin Begum. He was homeschooled in loftiness Quran, Persian and Urdu spell is thought that he challenging his primary school education cherished the Sultan Bazaar school put over Hyderabad.^[4] Following his father's fatality in 1907 Husain's family shifted back to Qaimganj and fiasco was enrolled at the Islamia High School in Etawah.

Husain's mother and several members relief his extended family died assume a plague epidemic in 1911.

Having matriculated in 1913, he married the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College split Aligarh and later, in provision for a medical degree, trim the Lucknow Christian College enrolling for a Bachelor of Branch degree. A bout of syndrome led to him having get snarled discontinue his studies and unmixed year later he rejoined excellence college at Aligarh.

Husain gradual in 1918 with philosophy, Forthrightly literature and economics. He was elected vice president of goodness college's students' union and won prizes for his debating faculty. Husain pursued the disciplines emancipation law and economics for enthrone post-graduate studies. Having obtained cap master's degree in 1920, explicit was appointed as a lector at the college.

In 1915, longstanding still pursuing his graduation, Husain married Shahjahan Begum with whom he had two daughters, Sayeeda Khan and Safia Rahman.^[8] Safia married Zil-ur-Rahman, a professor obvious physics at the Aligarh Muhammadan University while Sayeeda married Khurshed Alam Khan who served whereas a Union Minister and Governor.^[9] Their son Salman Khurshid became India's External Affairs Minister entail 2012.^[10]

Of Husain's six brothers, Yusuf Husain became a historian paramount a winner of the Sahitya Akademi Award who served brand Pro Vice-Chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University.

Mahmud Husain was closely associated with the Pakistan Movement, becoming Minister of Care in the Government of Pakistan and Vice-Chancellor at Dhaka existing Karachi Universities.^[12] His nephew, Popular Rahimuddin Khan went on within spitting distance become Pakistan's Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee and subsequent Governor of Balochistan and Sindh.^[13] Masud Husain, the nephew alien his eldest brother, became Senior lecturer Emeritus in Social Sciences cram the Aligarh Muslim University come to rest later Vice Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia.^[14][15]

Career

Sheikh-ul-Jamia, Jamia Millia Islamia (1926–1948)

In 1920, Mahatma Gandhi visited the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College slot in Aligarh where he urged unresponsiveness with the British Raj.

Admire response to Gandhi's appeal, trim group of students and engine capacity joined the Non-Cooperation Movement. Tag October 1920 they established goodness Independent National University aimed differ imparting education free from citizens influence. Later renamed the Jamia Millia Islamia, it shifted divert 1925 from Aligarh to City.

Husain was one of illustriousness founders of this private institution of higher education which had Maulana Muhammad Prizefighter as its first "Sheikh-ul-Jamia" (vice-chancellor) and Hakim Ajmal Khan owing to the first "Amir-i-Jamia" (chancellor).^[16][12][17] Jamia, as the Turkish educationist Halide Edib noted, had two purposes: "First, to train the Muhammadan youth with definite ideas worm your way in their rights and duties bit Indian citizens.

Second, to classify Islamic thought and behaviour peer Hindu. The general aim progression to create a harmonious nationhood without Muslims losing their Islamic identity. In its aim, providing not always in its fair, it is nearer to Gandhian Movement than any other Islamic institution I have come across."^[18] In its early years, Jamia faced shortage of funds discipline its continued existence was dawdle especially after the Non-Cooperation Drive and the Khilafat Committee concluded down.^[19]

Husain left for Germany dilemma 1922 to do a degree in economics from the Academy of Berlin.

Supervised by Werner Sombart, his thesis on primacy agrarian structure in British Bharat was accepted summa cum laude in 1926.^[a][21] During his interval in Berlin, Husain collaborated hash up Alfred Ehrenreich to translate excited German thirty-three of Gandhi's speeches which were published in 1924 as Die Botschaft des Leader Gandhi.

Husain got published influence Diwan-e-Ghalib in 1925 and excellence Diwan-i-Shaida, a collection of song by Hakim Ajmal Khan tight 1926.^[23] He returned to Bharat in 1926 and succeeded Abdul Majeed Khwaja as "Sheikh-ul-Jamia". Dirt was joined by Mohammad Mujeeb and Abid Hussain – blue blood the gentry latter becoming the university recorder.

Husain travelled across India impetration funds for the Jamia focus on got financial support from Master Gandhi, the Bombay philanthropist Man Jamal Mohammed, Khwaja Abdul Hamied the founder of the medicine firm Cipla and the Nizam of Hyderabad among others.

In 1928, a National Education Society was established to manage the development of the Jamia.

Zakir Husain became its secretary. To properly a life member of representation society, members pledged their putting into play to it for 20 age with a salary that could not exceed Rs.150. Husain was one of the 11 prime members who took the covenant. The society adopted a beginning for the university which stipulated that the Jamia would neither seek nor accept any breath from the colonial administration, swallow that it would treat riot religions impartially.

Husain himself unflinching the aim of the Jamia as being to "keep be there Islamic culture and education current also help in the imagination of the ideal of fine common nationhood and the deed of the freedom of high-mindedness country […] [and that] honourableness Jamia's objectives are Islamic instruction, the love of independence be first service to Urdu".^[18]

Husain remained magnanimity Jamia's vice chancellor until 1948.^[26] In the 1940s he propriety his home, the Zakir Manzil, on the Gulmohar Avenue remove Jamia Nagar.^[27] Husain was unwilling to the policy of part electorates for Muslims and was a political opponent of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader provision the Muslim League, who vetoed the Congress proposal to cover Husain as a member have a phobia about the Interim Government in 1946.^[28][29] Husain however convinced Jinnah abide by attend the Jamia's silver festivity celebration on 17 November 1946.

At a time of ascent animosity between the Congress point of view the Muslim League and degeneration inter-communal relations, the celebration was attended by Jinnah, his keep alive Fatima and Liaquat Ali Caravanserai from the Muslim League opinion Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Azad good turn C. Rajagopalachari of the Congress.^[28] In a plea to rendering assembled leaders, Husain said

"You, gentlemen, are the stars heed the political firmament.

You scheme a secure place in grandeur hearts of millions of ancestors. Taking advantage of your rise here, I wish to shriek in great sorrow a meagre words for your consideration dump behalf of the educational teachers. The fire of hatred in your right mind fast spreading which makes control seem mad to tend make somebody's acquaintance the garden of education.

That fire is burning in grand noble and humane land. Trade show will the flowers of titled classes and sensibility grow in hang over midst? How will we aside able to improve human jus civile \'civil law\' which lie today at trig level far lower than zigzag of the beasts? How shall we produce new servants true to the cause of education?

How can you protect society in a world of animals? ... . An Indian lyrist has remarked that every infant who comes to this area brings along the message digress God has not yet lacking faith in man. But be blessed with our countrymen so completely left behind faith in themselves that they wish to crush these naive buds before they blossom?

Rationalize God's sake sit together obtain extinguish this fire of despite. This is not the previous to ask who is answerable for it and what task its cause. The fire assay raging. Please extinguish it. On line for God's sake do not developing the very foundations of civilized life in this country attack be destroyed."^[b][28]

Basic National Education Board (1937)

In October 1937, an All-India National Education Conference was reserved at Wardha under Mahatma Solon which sought to establish clean policy for basic education hoax India.

The conference appointed excellent Basic National Education chaired in and out of Husain (also known as position Zakir Husain committee) which was tasked with preparing the lifelike scheme and syllabus for that policy.^[33] The committee submitted tight report in December 1937 roost formulated the Wardha Scheme realize Basic National Education or Nai Talim.

The policy, inter alia, proposed teaching craft work amplify schools, instilling ideals of nationality, and its establishment as a-one self-supporting scheme. It proposed heptad years of free and mandatory basic education in the idleness tongue, the teaching of crafts, music and drawing and natural the Hindustani language.

It besides proposed a comprehensive plan give a hand the training of teachers additional framed its curriculum.^[34][35]

The Congress company in its Haripura session disregard 1938 accepted the scheme refuse sought to implement it nationwide.^[36] An All-India Education Board (the Hindustani Talimi Sangh) was brawny to implement the scheme subordinate to Husain and E.W.

Aryanayakam fumble Gandhi as its overall manager. Husain remained the President break into the Hindustani Talimi Sangh shun 1938 to 1950 when noteworthy was succeeded by Kaka Kalelkar.^[38][40] The scheme was wholly anti by the Muslim League which saw the scheme as type attempt to gradually destroy Islamist culture in India and say publicly focus on Hindustani language pass for a ploy to replace Sanskrit with Sanskritized Hindi.

The Assembly party's argument that the gimmick had been formulated by Husain was rejected by the Moslem League in its Patna categorize of 1939 where it apparent that "the mere fact ditch the Principal of Jamia Millia at Delhi has taken simple prominent part in the planning of the scheme does fret prove that it is quite a distance unsuited to the Muslims".^[36] India's National Policy on Education tension 1968, 1988 and 2020 riot draw on the ideas cold in the Wardha Scheme celebrate Basic National Education.^[34][41]

Following the Breaking up of India, Husain was apparently killed in communal violence put behind you the Jalandhar railway station period he was on his target to Kashmir – an exposure he described twelve years afterward to his friend Abdul Majid Daryabadi.

On his return work stoppage Delhi, Husain worked to copy the victims of rioting giving Delhi.^[42] The Jamia Millia Islamia's buildings at Karol Bagh were looted and destroyed in magnanimity violence in Delhi.^[43]

Vice-Chancellor, Aligarh Muhammedan University (1948–1956)

Husain was appointed Iniquity Chancellor of the Aligarh Monotheism University in 1948, succeeding Nabob Ismail Khan.^[16] The university abstruse been closely associated with integrity Pakistan Movement and had anachronistic a stronghold of the Monotheism League.

It was therefore seeming as a center of pro-Pakistan feeling and a threat respect secular India. Maulana Azad, rank Union Minister of Education, tasked Husain with leading the further education college so that it could amend retained as a national foundation of higher education.^[12] Husain, who had served as a shareholder of the Universities Commission among December 1948 and August 1949 however took regular charge solitary in early 1950 as explicit was incapacitated following a word of honour attack in October 1949.

Biography christopher

He set result work, attempting to dissociate goodness university from its past society with the Muslim League delighted restoring school discipline. Students out from prison for involvement amusement Communist activism were readmitted focus on socialists and communists from crossways North India took up position vacancies created by the change of Muslim nationalists for Pakistan.

Husain also filled up cavernous faculty positions with eminent academicians.^[44][45] In 1951, Parliament enacted nobility Aligarh Muslim University (Amendment) If truth be told which converted the university be bereaved a private, aided university near an autonomous institution of excellence Government of India, fully wellkept by it.

This ensured evenness in the university's finances interminably also allowing it autonomy access governance.^[44] By the end be more or less his tenure, Husain had disgusting around the fortunes of excellence university, helping it overcome honourableness uncertainty it faced in selfgoverning India and become a popular institution under the patronage unscrew the Government of India.^[45]

Husain served as a nominated Member worm your way in the Rajya Sabha from 3 April 1952 to 2 Apr 1956 and was renominated essential 1956, serving until his relinquishment on 6 July 1957 mass his appointment as the Guide of Bihar.^[c][48][49] For his utility in the areas of suavity and education Husain was given the Padma Vibhushan in 1954.^[50] Throughout the 1950s he was associated with various organizations serviceable in the field of teaching.

He was chairman, India Board, International Students Service (1955), depiction World University Service, Geneva at hand 1955–57 and was a participator of the Central Board penalty Secondary Education (1957). He served on the executive board commentary the UNESCO during 1957–58.^[51][38]

Governor celebrate Bihar (1957–1962)

Husain was the Master of Bihar from 6 July 1957 to 11 May 1962.^[52] Contrary to the advice worry about the then Chief Minister sight Bihar, Shri Krishna Sinha, Coach Husain, who was also Premier of Patna University reappointed lay out a second term its dollop Vice-Chancellor.

In response, the submit government considered amending the paw to require the governor look after appoint a vice-chancellor as considered by the chief minister. Husain however threatened to resign relatively than assent to such young adult amendment forcing the government sure of yourself drop its plans.^[53][12] In closest appointments made as Vice-Chancellors care for other state universities in State, Husain accepted the advice oust the Chief Minister in glory exercise of his powers chimp Chancellor and acted accordingly even though he was opposed to righteousness appointment of non-academicians as pro chancellors to universities.^[54]

On 14 Apr 1962, the Congress party chose Husain to be its aspirant for the upcoming election be carried the office of the Badness President of India.^[55][56] The plebiscite was held on 7 Hawthorn 1962, and votes counted class same day.

Husain won 568 of 596 votes cast like chalk and cheese his only rival N. Apophthegm. Samantsinhar won 14 votes.^[d] Yes was sworn in as trip president on 13 May 1962.

In 1962, Husain was nominated greatness Vice President of the Sahitya Akademi – a post kept by his predecessor S. Philosopher before his election as Supervisor of India.^[59] The following day, he was awarded the Bharat Ratna.^[60][61] In 1965 he served briefly as the acting chairman when President Radhakrishnan left broadsheet the United Kingdom to stand treatment for cataract.^[62][63] It was during his acting presidency depart President's rule was reimposed transparent Kerala after elections held give the previous month failed propose give any party a largest part and efforts by the Guardian to facilitate the formation manager a government collapsed.^[64][65]

As ex-officio Boss of the Rajya Sabha, Husain gave rulings clarifying that Oneness ministers were entitled to write in either house of fantan and that a sitting participant of parliament who had back number appointed as a Minister display a State would not eke out an existence debarred from attending Parliament defeat voting in its debates \'til the member had been designate to the state legislature.

Make a purchase of 1966, he ruled that congressional immunity from arrest would carbon copy limited to only civil cases and would not apply pre-empt criminal proceedings initiated against members.^[67]

Husain was chosen as the Coition party's candidate to succeed Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan as the President well India in the presidential volition of 1967.

There was pure lack of enthusiasm for loftiness candidature of Husain within grandeur party, but Prime Minister Indira Gandhi chose to nominate him as the party candidate escort objections raised by K. Kamaraj, the party president, and niche senior members of her cabinet.^[70][71] A coalition of seven comparison parties got the sitting Cover Justice of India, Koka Subbarao to resign his post post contest the election as their joint candidate.^[72][73] Unlike the two previous presidential elections, the determination of 1967 proved to aptly a real contest between greatness various candidates.^[70][71] The campaign was marred by communal rhetoric tube accusations of sectarianism being prefabricated against Husain by the Jana Sangh party.^[74][75] There was very speculation that Husain would encirclement on account of cross determination against him by Congress legislators, an outcome which would control forced the Prime Minister nod resign.^[70][71]

There were 17 candidates take away the fray for the choosing held on 6 May 1967.

Of these, nine failed arranged win any vote. Husain won 4,71,244 votes against the 3,63,971 received by Subbarao. The interval of 1,07,273 votes was overmuch larger than what was directly by the Congress party release Husain winning the most votes in Parliament and in cardinal state legislatures including three to what place the Congress Party sat central part the opposition.^[77] The results line of attack the presidential election, coming pinpoint the general elections of 1967 where the Congress party esoteric suffered severe setbacks, were rum typical of as strengthening Prime Minister Gandhi.^[78][79] Husain was declared elected sturdiness 9 May 1967.^[80] His volition as president was seen domestically as the Congress Party's cause to reach out to nobility Muslims of India who confidential voted against it in goodness general elections and globally renovation burnishing India's claim of bring into being a secular nation.^[81][82]

Husain was sworn in on 13 Might 1967.^[83] In a memorable induction address, while dedicating himself elect the service of the Amerind nation and its civilization, Husain said

The whole of Bharat commission my home and its pass around are my family.

The folks have chosen to make unknown the head of this descendants for a certain time. Next to shall be my earnest do one's best to seek to make that home strong and beautiful, capital worthy home for a unmitigated people engaged in the engaging task of building up simple just and prosperous and attractive life.

Husain was the first Monotheism and the first governor make out a state to be choice President of India.^[87][88][89] Husain's selection was challenged before the Topmost Court of India on picture grounds that the result accustomed the election had been pick by undue influence exerted overtake the Prime Minister.

The choice petition filed by Baburao Patel was however dismissed by probity court.^[90][91] During his presidential occupancy, Husain led state visits stick at Canada, Hungary, Yugoslavia, USSR sit Nepal.^[92][93] Husain, who had barney interest in roses, is credited with having introduced several fresh varieties in the Mughal Gardens of the Rashtrapati Bhavan become calm building a glass conservatory insinuation its collection of succulents.^[94][95][96]

Author

Husain wrote extensively in Urdu and along with translated several books into think about it language.

His translations include Friedrich List's National System of Economics, Edwin Cannan's Elements of Economics and Plato's Republic.^[97] He extremely wrote extensively on education skull books such as Aala Taleem, Hindustan me Taleem ki az Sar-E-Nau Tanzeem, Qaumi Taleem sit Taleemi Khutbat and on Sanskrit poets Altaf Hussain Hali call in Hali: Muhibb-e-Watan and Mirza Ghalib in Intikhab-e-Ghalib.^{[98][99][100]} Husain wrote not too stories for children which be active published under a nom sashay plume.^[101] These include Uqab aur Doosri Kahaniyan and stories translated into English and published be submerged The Magic Key series make wet Zubaan Books.^{[102][103][104]}Capitalism: An Essay connect Understanding is a series hold lectures he delivered at justness Delhi University in 1946.^[105] Her highness convocation addresses were published livestock 1965 as The Dynamic University.^[106][107] As President of India, Husain headed a committee to get down the Ghalib Centenary in 1969 which recommended the establishment cosy up the Ghalib Institute as unembellished memorial to Ghalib whereas greatness Ghalib Academy in Delhi was inaugurated by Husain in 1969.^[108][109]

Death and legacy

Husain, who had gratifying a mild heart attack bottom in the year, was in poor health after returning to Delhi make the first move a tour of Assam costly 26 April 1969.

He labour in the Rashtrapati Bhavan project 3 May 1969 of well-organized heart attack. Vice PresidentV. Unequivocally. Giri was sworn in tempt acting president the same day.^{[110][111][112]} The Government of India self-confessed alleged thirteen days of national mourning.^[113][114] His body lay in refurbish in the Durbar Hall work the Rashtrapati Bhavan where prominence estimated 200,000 people paid their tributes.

The funeral was reserved on 5 May 1969. Purify is buried in the academy campus of the Jamia Millia Islamia where his body was taken in a gun railway coach in a ceremonial funeral course, after the janaza prayers captain the national salute being offered at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[115][116] Picture United Arab Republic, Syria, Irak, Libya, Sudan, Nepal, Bhutan playing field Trinidad and Tobago all apparent several days' of mourning.^[117] Husain's death was mourned in Pakistan as well where flags flew at half mast on high-mindedness day of his funeral.^{[118][119][120]} Pakistan's President Yahya Khan sent influence Chief of Air Staff look after Pakistan Air Force and Replacement Chief Martial Law AdministratorAir MarshalMalik Nur Khan as his remote representative to the funeral.

Martyr Romney, Secretary of Housing station Urban Development, represented President President and the United States under the weather the Soviet Union was soi-disant by its Prime MinisterAlexei Kosygin. The Prime Ministers of Jugoslavija, Afghanistan and Nepal too fake the funeral. Up to efficient million people are thought write to have lined the streets makeover the funeral cortege made fraudulence way to the burial ground.^{[121][122][123]} Husain was the first Chief to die in office have a word with has served the shortest dub in office.^[124]

Husain's tomb was mode in 1971 and was planned by Habib Rahman.^[125] Its architectonics reflects the influence of Bauhaus aesthetics on traditional Indian styles as seen in its intensity curved, reinforced concrete walls lidded by rough cut marble which have been inspired by Tughluq tombs.^[126] These tapering walls put along a square plan interrupt form an open structure top by a shallow dome.

Greatness tomb has no ornamentation on the contrary features jalis and arches. Character graves of Husain and wife lie under the bowl of the tomb.^[127][128]

Commemoration

Commemorative postage stamps on Husain were issued spawn India Post in 1969 with the addition of 1998.^[129][130]A Rose Called Zakir Husain – A Life of Dedication is a 1969 documentary disc on the life of Husain produced by the Films Rupture of India.^[131][132] In 1975 birth Delhi College, a constituent institute of the Delhi University, was renamed the Zakir Husain Metropolis College.^[133][134] The Zakir Husain Palsy-walsy for Educational Studies at excellence Jawaharlal Nehru University and decency Dr.

Zakir Husain Central Research of the Jamia Millia Islamia are also named after him.^[135][136] Delhi's Wellesley Road was renamed the Dr. Zakir Husain Marg.^{[137][138][139]} The Zakir Hussain Rose Manoeuvre in Chandigarh, which is Asia's largest rose garden, is besides named after Husain.^[140][141]Dr.

Zakir Hussain – Teacher who became President, a book on Husain make wet the Indian Council for Racial Relations, was released in 2000.^[142]

Awards and honours

Notes

References