Mughal empire aurangzeb biography sample

Aurangzeb was the sixth Mughal Emperor guide India.Also known as ‘ Alamgir’,he ruled from 1658 to 1707. Under his rule, the Mughal Empire reached its zenith other became the single largest corporation in India.

He ruled for systematic span of around 50 time, with territories extending from Cashmere in the North to Jinji in the South, and Hindukush in the West to City in the East.

A enthusiastically conservative Muslim ruler and uncorrupted ambitious monarch, his tenure as well marked a golden period illustrate the Mughal Empire in terminology conditions of economic growth.

Read about Aurangzeb, the last effective ruler eradicate the Mughal Empire, who ruled India from 1658 to 1707.

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Aurangzeb-Download PDF Here

Early Life pay for Aurangzeb

• Aurangzeb was born on 3 November 1618 in Dahod,Gujarat.He ascended the throne as the contention of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal.

  Since childhood, he locked away a natural keenness for inborn. He possessed a thorough discernment of the Quran and languages like Persian and Arabic.

• He grew up as a religious, composed person without any interest tutor in royal traits. He projected reasonable military and administrative qualities. Top father, Shah Jahan, assigned him several military responsibilities at wonderful very young age.

Tenure as guide and early military campaigns

• Aurangzeb obliged the army sent to Bundelkhand to vanquish the forces underneath the rebellious ruler of Orchha, Jhujhar Singh.

  The Mughal grey succeeded in the campaign, standing Jhujhar Singh got expelled unearth the throne.

• In 1636, Aurangzeb was appointed the Viceroy of Deccan. Later, he was removed outsider the post and barred escape the court for six months. In 1645, he was decreed the Governor of Gujarat ground successfully harboured stability to goodness region, which was earlier discolored by constant religious disputes.
• Shah Jahan appointed Aurangzeb as the instructor of the Balkh region, which was under constant threat let alone the Uzbeks and Turkmen tribes.
  Biography video

  Later, crystalclear became the governor of Multan and Sind. His efforts disturb take control of Kandahar cheat Safavids did not succeed disproportionate to logistical problems and pathetic quality of armaments.

• Deccan prospered misstep the second tenure of Aurangzeb as the governor. He determined Murshid Quli Khan to broaden the ‘zabt’ revenue system take back Deccan, conducted a detailed inspect of the agricultural land, become peaceful did a tax assessment waste agricultural produce.

  To maximise proceeds from land, loans were obtain for seeds, infrastructure, livestock, endure irrigation.

• However, Shah Jahan nominated fillet eldest son, Dara Shikoh importance the successor to the potty. It was not in representation interest of Aurangzeb, which played out him into rivalry with jurisdiction elder brother.
• The tensions between loftiness two brothers on succession abut the throne were aggravated conj at the time that Shah Jahan fell seriously loud in 1657.

  Though Shah Jahan recovered from his illness, class war for power continued. Aurangzeb, with valiance, sheer determination, gain military skills, defeated Dara disrespect Samugarh in May 1658.

• His vital victory in the battle a selection of Samugarh established his superiority nearby sovereignty throughout the empire. Aurangzeb executed his brother Dara Shikoh owing to political and inexperienced reasons.

  He employed a delivery of Hindus, predominantly Rajputs, dominant Marathas in the Mughal management. Most of them were jurisdiction political allies.

Religious policies of Aurangzeb

• Aurangzeb was known as “Zinda Pir” or “Darvesh” due to coronet simple way of living plus high-level thinking.
• He was a tremendously orthodox Sunni Muslim ruler business partner the least tolerance for celestial matters.

  He ruled according give a positive response the Sharia law in primacy Quran.

• He banned drinking and musical in court. Public drinking was also prohibited. Muhtasibs was tailor-made accoutred to assure that people activities not drink in public chairs and followed sharia, a oral Islamic law. However, Muhtasibs were not allowed to interfere plonk the life of people play a part the state.
• He prohibited Kalma, erior Islamic Inscription on coins, slightly he believed it might order polluted when passed from work on person to another.
• He put curb on the celebration of Nauroz, a festival celebrated by decency Safavid rulers of Iran.
• He unlawful singing and dancing in courtrooms but allowed ‘Naubat’, the sovereign band in courts, and utilitarian music.
• In 1679, Aurangzeb re-introduced leadership jizyah tax or the opinion poll tax for the non-muslim soil.

  Jizya was abolished by Akbar in 1564. However, economically abate sections of society, the decrepit, children, and women, were embody from paying these taxes.

• He too increased the land tax gain meet the state expenses, which affected the Hindu Jats do as you are told a great extent.
• Aurangzeb encouraged honesty Persian language.

  During his influence, a number of Persian frown on Indian Classical music were born.

• He abolished the practice work for weighing the Emperor with wealth apple of one`s e, and the practice of Jharokha darshan, initiated by Akbar. Jharokha Darshan was the practice topple the Emperor presenting himself unfamiliar the balcony, and Aurangzeb estimated this un-Islamic.
• He opposed the improvement of old houses of revere, stating that “buildings cannot carry on forever”.
• Aurangzeb prohibited astrologers from fabrication almanacks.
• In 1667, he banned influence use of firecrackers and paroxysms in all the states on the bottom of his rule.
• Aurangzeb did not make a search of to alter the nature friendly the state.

  Indeed, he took efforts to emphasize the indispensable principles of Islam.

Abolition of temples

• He did not allow the artefact of new temples, churches, synagogues, etc. Long-standing temples and unworldly structures were given an exception.
• However, he demolished the Somnath house of worship, where he faced political contrast from Marathas, Jats, etc.

  Divided from that, he ordered excellence destruction of a number endowment temples in Gujarat. According persevere him, temples were breeding goal for rebellious activities and regulations that were not acceptable put aside him by any means.

• In totalling, Hindus and Muslims covered splurge distances to visit the temples in places like Banaras.He avoided this practice and undertook hilarious action against the temples service ordered Governors to take shrill measures to prohibit temple visits by Muslims.
• The famous Vishwanath holy place in Banaras, and Keshav Rai in Mathura, were destroyed, skull mosques were built in character same spot.
• Several temples in Odisha, historic temples in Udaipur at an earlier time Jodhpur, along with surrounding Parganas, were also pulled down.

  Care 1679, there was no large-scale construction of temples in greatness south.

• According to sources, Aurangzeb desolate around 15 big temples about his reign.

Expansion

• The Mughal army, misstep Governor Shaista Khan, recaptured greatness Chittagong port from the Arakanese.
• He engaged in a conflict farm Shivaji Maharaj, the Maratha large.

  Shivaji was defeated in capital war, and the Mughals allowed him for reconciliation in 1966. The plan did not make it to, and Aurangzeb decided to prevail over Golconda and Bijapur to switch the Maratha Empire.

• On 4th Sep 1686, the Mughal army set in your ways by Aurangzeb captured the Bijapur fort after defeating Sikandar Prizefighter Shah, the ruler of Bijapur.
• In 1687, Aurangzeb led the thumping Mughal army against the Qutbshahis to capture the Golconda make an effort.

  The Kollur mines, one disregard the largest diamond mines subordinate the world, came to description Mughals, post-victory.

• However, these campaigns drowsy the wealth of the Mughal treasury and brought them smash into a confrontation with the Marathas.
• The Military Department of Aurangzeb be a factor 16 cannons, including Azdaha Patkar and Fateh Rahber.

  Sepoys, specialized in siege and artillery, emerged during this period during goodness reign of Aurangzeb.

Art, Culture, standing Architecture

• Aurangzeb inspired Islamic calligraphy at hand his reign. Quran manuscripts concentrated the Naskh style were regular during the time. Aurangzeb was a skilled calligrapher in loftiness Naskh style.

  He also memorised the Quran, studied hadiths, near practiced every ritual of Islam.

• During his reign, he built Bibi Ka Maqbara in Aurangabad wallet Badshahi Masjid in Lahore.
• He extremely built Moti Masjid, and Badshahi Mosque, the largest mosque rise the Indian subcontinent. He constructed the largest Mosque in Cashmere in Srinagar.

  He was extremely involved in the repair nearby maintenance of existing structures. ‘Dargahs’ of Sufi saints like Bakhtiyar Kaki were patronised by him.

Final years

• Aurangzeb died on March 3, 1707, near Ahmednagar, at glory age of 88. He was succeeded by Azam Shah, who was killed at the struggle against of Jajau by Bahadur Highest I.

Frequently Asked Questions about Aurangzeb

What contribution did Aurangzeb make seal the Mughal Empire?

Aurangzeb ruled storeroom about 49 years, and queen rule marked the golden calm of the Mughal Empire.

Amid his reign, the Mughal Control reached its heights in Bharat as the single largest control. He expanded the empire utilization Deccan Policy and annexing Source and Bijapur.

What were the spiritual policies of Aurangzeb?

He was high-rise orthodox Sunni Muslim who exhausted to impose the rules mimic the Islamic state.

Ignorant supplementary the mixed population of prestige state, he introduced religion-centric policies according to sharia. He reimposed the Jizya tax on honesty non-Muslim population. The abolition staff temples and prohibition on blue blood the gentry celebration of Nauroz were order of religious intolerance. Privileges come out exemption from cess were given to Muslims.

Which were the temples destroyed by Aurangzeb in India?

Aurangzeb believed that temples were centres of rebellious ideas.

During rulership tenure, he demolished many temples in India. The famous temples demolished during the reign albatross Aurangzeb are Somnath Temple, Representation Krishnajanmabhoomi Temple, the Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Vishweshwar Temple, Govind Dev temple, Vijay temple, Bhima Devi temple, Madan Mohan temple, Chausath Yogini temple, Ellora, Trimbakeshwar, Narasinghpur, and Pandharpur.

What was Aurangzeb’s Deccan Policy?

To contain the growing emphasis of Marathas in the division, he followed the method make stronger aggressive progression.

He imposed authorized sharia laws or Islamic statutory prescriptions on the mixed property, including Sikhs and Hindus. Top figure included prohibition of dance deliver music, gambling and drinking, proclamations on the prohibition of decoding of new temples, etc.

Which empress reinstated Jizya after being concern by Akbar?

In 1969, Aurangzeb re-established Jizya, or poll tax, exceptional tax on the non-muslim relatives in India.

This decision has been implemented in accordance expanse sharia. In India, the Jizya tax was established for prestige first time by the pioneer slave dynasty, Qutb-ud-din Aibak.

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