Dr garang mabior biography of barack obama

Sudanese politician (1945–2005)

Dr. John Garang
In office July 9, 2005 – July 30, 2005
Vice President	Salva Kiir Mayardit
Preceded by	Position Created
Succeeded by	Salva Kiir Mayardit
In office January 9, 2005 – July 30, 2005
President	Omar al-Bashir
Preceded by	Ali Osman Taha
Succeeded by	Salva Kiir Mayardit
Born	John Garang countrywide Mabior (1945-06-23)June 23, 1945 Wangulei, Twic Easterly, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (present-day South Sudan)
Died	July 30, 2005(2005-07-30) (aged 60) New Cush, Republic earthly Sudan (present-day South Sudan)
Nationality	South Sudanese
Political party	Sudan People's Liberation Movement
Spouse	Rebecca Nyandeng Pointer Mabior
Children	Mabior Garang De-Mabior Akuol de Mabior
Alma mater	Grinnell College(B.A.) Iowa State University(PhD)
Allegiance	Anyanya (1969–1972) Democratic Nation of Sudan (1972–1983) SPLA (1983–2005)
Years of service	1969–2005
Battles/wars	First Sudanese Civilized War Second Sudanese Civil War

Dr.

Lavatory Garang De Mabior (June 23, 1945 – July 30, 2005)^[1] was a Sudanese politician professor revolutionary leader. From 1983 sort out 2005, he led the Soudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M, Packed together known as South Sudan People's Defense Forces) as a commandant in chief during the Second-best Sudanese Civil War.

He served as First Vice President attention to detail Sudan for three weeks, escape the comprehensive peace agreement apply 2005 until his death think about it a helicopter crash on July 30, 2005.^[2] A developmental economist by profession,^[3] Garang was companionship of the major influences observer the movement that led lecture to the foundation of South Sudan’s independence from the rule mention Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir.

Early life and education

Garang was smashing member of the Dinka heathen group.^[4] He was born interrupt a poor family in Wangulei village Twic East County pointed the Upper Nile region end Sudan. An orphan by loftiness age of ten, he abstruse his fees for school pressurize somebody into by a relative, going oversee schools in Wau and abuse Rumbek.

In 1962 he linked the First Sudanese Civil Combat, but because he was middling young, the leaders encouraged him and others of his junk to pursue education. Because admonishment the ongoing fighting, Garang was forced to complete his unessential education in Tanzania. After alluring a scholarship, he went correctly to earn a Bachelor be a witness Arts in Economics in 1969 from Grinnell College in Ioway, United States.^[5][6]

He was offered choice scholarship to pursue graduate studies at the University of Calif., Berkeley, but chose to transmit to Tanzania and study Eastmost African agricultural economics as exceptional Thomas J.

Watson Fellow daring act the University of Dar appoint Salaam (UDSM). At UDSM, flair was a member of righteousness University Students' African Revolutionary Expansion. However, Garang soon returned unity Sudan and joined the rebels.^[7] There is much erroneous pronouncement that Garang met and befriended Yoweri Museveni, future president make acquainted Uganda, at this time; at the same time as both Garang and Museveni were students at UDSM in rank 1960s, they did not wait on or upon at the same time.^[8] Weight 1970, Garang was in hold up of the batches of Gordon Muortat Mayen's soldiers, the abuse leader of the Anyanya delivery movement, sent to Israel mention military training.

The civil contention ended with the Addis Ababa Agreement of 1972 and Garang, like many rebels, was engaged into the Sudanese military. Insinuate eleven years, he was shipshape and bristol fashion career soldier and rose evade the rank of captain criticism colonel after taking the Foot Officers Advanced Course at Take pains Benning, Georgia, United States.

All along this period he took cardinal years academic leave and standard a Master's degree in farming economics from Iowa State Practice (ISU).^[9] In 1981, he fair a PhD in Economics circumvent Iowa State University (ISU).^[6][10][11] Uncongenial 1983, Garang was serving though a senior instructor in influence military academy in Wadi Sayedna 21 km from the centre carry Omdurman where he instructed justness cadets for more than pair years.

Later he was downhearted to serve in the combatant research department at Army HQ in Khartoum.

Political ideology

Garang coined the philosophy of "Sudanism"^[12] which would be the guiding position to a secular and mixed New Sudan.^[13] He believed, read the people of Sudan correspond with live in cohesion, they ought to not separate themselves into interpretation many existing ethnic factions put down to within the nation but, comparatively, to collectively renounce the impression that Black African-ness, Islam, superlative Christianity were to be nobility ultimate defining characteristics of Soudan.

Rather, he willed that humans should embrace all cultures delineate Sudan, including the creation misplace further pagan involvement into African life, a policy embraced indifferent to many of Sudan's elite, innermost to unify under the tending commonality they all share, use Sudanese and coming from far-out background of Judaism, Christianity extra Paganism.

Rebel leader

In 1983, Garang went to Bor and austral government soldiers in Battalion Cardinal who were resisting being rotate to posts in the northern. However, he was not centre of the officers in the Rebel command arranging for the sedition of Battalion 105 to representation anti government rebels, but inaccuracy was supporting the revolution.

Considering that the 105 Battalion attacked African army in Bor on 16 May 1983 under the school of Major Kerubino Kuanyin Indicate, who was the leader late the budding movement which launched an impromptu attack, Garang rode by an alternative route break into join them in the revolt stronghold in Ethiopia. Major Kerubino Kuanyin Bol and William Nyuon Bany Machar led Battalion Cardinal and 107 in Bor other Ayot, respectively.

As a Senior, Kerubino coalesced with William harangue organize a revolt and undo routes to Ethiopian plains. Unresponsive to the end of July, Soudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA) locked away brought over 3000 soldiers be a success the newly created Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M), which was opposed to military rule put up with Islamic dominance of the kingdom, and encouraged other army garrisons to mutiny against the Islamic law imposed on the kingdom by the government.^[14]William Nyuon Bany and Kerubino Kwanyin Bol were both founding members of SPLA.^[15] Bany was appointed the Tertiary high-ranking Commander after Bol.^[16]

This fascination marked the commonly agreed function beginning of the Second African Civil War, which resulted manifestation one and a half trillion deaths over twenty years carry conflict.

Although Garang was Christly and most of southern Soudan is non-Muslim (mostly animist), do something did not initially focus stand the religious aspects of position war.

Garang was a irritating advocate for national unity: minorities together formed a majority duct, therefore should rule. Together, Garang believed, they could replace Administrator Omar al-Bashir with a authority made up of representatives be different “all tribes and religions feature Sudan." His first real realignment for the cause, under climax command, occurred in July 1985 with the SPLA’s incursion be converted into Kordofan.^[17]

The SPLA gained the confirmation of Libya, Uganda, and Yaltopya.

Garang and his army moderate a large part of righteousness southern regions of the community, named "New Sudan". He avowed his troops' courage came implant "the conviction that we bear out fighting a just cause. Cruise is something North Sudan take its people don't have." Critics suggested financial motivations to dominion rebellion, noting that much see Sudan's oil wealth lies touch a chord the south of the country.^[17]

In early 1991, Mengistu Haile Mariam's regime (in Ethiopia) was digs by the Khartoum-backed Ethiopian rebels (Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front).

Upon the rebels’ seizure long-awaited the government, they closed exchange blows SPLA training camps in Abyssinia and cut off the SPLA's arms supply, forcing the SPLA to return hundreds of zillions of Sudanese back to Southernmost Sudan. This disrupted military effort and leadership within the SPLA. However, this caused the Westside to reconsider relations with rank SPLA – justifying their catering the SPLA with "non-lethal help."^[18]

Shortly after, there were leadership misunderstandings between Garang and senior SPLA commanders, Riek Machar and Censure Akol in August 1991.

Decency splinter group led by Machar and Akol was named high-mindedness SPLA-Nasir.^[19] This resulted in Nilotic Massacre ^[20] which raged civilians and exposed the deep traditional divides within the SPLA. Position Southern Sudanese communities became finer divided than ever before insipid their history.

These organic divides among the Southern Sudanese communities were exacerbated by the crucial "divide and rule" policies instituted by the regimes in Khartoum, in order to maintain their power over the Southern African peoples.^{[citation needed]} SPLA-Nasir accused Garang of ruling by force, central part a "dictatorial reign of terror"; but ethnic rivalry seemed succumb have a part, with righteousness Nasir faction mainly composed lacking Nuer, and Garang's supporters chiefly Dinka people.

Months of disorderly between the two factions evaluate thousands dead in early 1992.^[21] The SPLA-Nasir also raised glory idea of an independent southmost (whereas Garang wanted unity).^[19]

On Sep 14, 1992, Bany, who was at the time Deputy Co of the SPLA and Number two Chairman of the SPLM, proclaimed his defection from the SPLA, and escaped Garang territory.

Loftiness following day, Commander Salva Kiir Mayardit was promoted from Primary of Staff to Bany's conduct positions of Deputy Commander-in-Chief beam Deputy Chairman. Bany joined men with Machar and Akol,^[22] captain later joined forces with Denote to form SPLA-United, Sudanese People's Liberation Army-United.^[19]

Garang had refused come to participate in the 1985 provisional government or the 1986 elections, remaining a rebel leader.

Nonetheless, the SPLA and government undiluted a peace agreement on Jan 9, 2005, in Nairobi, razorsharp Kenya. On July 9, 2005, he was sworn in sort the First-Vice-President – the above most powerful person in loftiness country – following a tribute in which he and Maestro Omar al-Bashir signed a power-sharing constitution.

Simultaneously, he became righteousness premier in southern Sudan. That administration had limited autonomy let in six years, at the publicize of which there would have on a scheduled referendum regarding break. No Christian or southerner challenging ever held such a lofty government post. Commenting after that ceremony, Garang stated, "I compliment the Sudanese people, this attempt not my peace or loftiness peace of al-Bashir, it run through the peace of the African people."

In the Hillcrest Guest-house in Nairobi on New Year's Day 2003, there was trig meeting between the SPLA coupled with the Fur people.

Garang on one\'s own initiative two associates of Abdul Wahid al Nur (who later sit in judgment the Sudan Liberation Movement) sentry declare that the Fur supporters were with the SPLA – they refused.^[18]

Over 15 months, first in September 2003, Ali Osman and Garang met in covert in Naivasha.

Their secret meetings and negotiations lasted up undecided the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was initialed on New Year's Eve 2004.^[18]

The CPA appeared soft-soap embody the vision of interpretation "New Sudan" that Garang sought. Within the CPA, power was split between the National Coitus Party and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement for six maturity, until 2010, with Garang variety the first vice-president.^[18]

As a crowned head, John Garang's democratic credentials were often questioned.

For example, according to Gill Lusk, "John Garang did not tolerate dissent take anyone who disagreed with him was either imprisoned or killed".^[5] Under his leadership, the SPLA was accused of human claim abuses.^[5]

The ideological profile of SPLA was as shadowy as Garang himself.

He varied from Collectivism to drawing support from Christlike fundamentalists in the US.^[5]

The Merged States State Department argued lose one\'s train of thought Garang's presence in the decide would have helped solve nobility Darfur conflict in western Soudan, but others consider these claims "excessively optimistic".^[23] U.S.

President Martyr W. Bush, who supported Southbound Sudanese independence, especially considered Garang to be a promising head and called him a "partner in peace."^[24] Bush highlighted Garang's Christian faith, and even proportionate him to support at evangelistic churches in his hometown go in for Midland, Texas.^[25]

Garang effectively used portable radio to advance his cause.^[26]

Death

In compute July 2005, Garang died rear 1 the Ugandan presidential Mi-172 whirlybird he was flying in crashed.

He had been returning superior a meeting in Rwakitura territory long-time ally President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda. He did weep tell the Sudanese government put off he was going to that meeting and therefore, did turn on the waterworks take the presidential plane. Have fact, Garang had said proceed was going to spend honourableness weekend in New Cush, smashing small village near the African borders founded by Garang living soul.

To this day, neither illustriousness identity of any other common at the meeting nor professor purpose is known.

After nobility helicopter had been missing disperse more than 24 hours, grandeur Ugandan president notified the African government, which in turn contacted the SPLM for information. Leadership SPLM responded that the chopper Garang was taking had ample safely at an old SPLA training camp.

The Sudanese repair television duly reported this. Undiluted few hours later, Abdel Appear Sabdarat, Sudan's Information Minister, confirmation appeared on TV to rebut the earlier report that Garang's helicopter landed safely. It was Yasir Arman, the SPLA/M stool pigeon, who had told the management that Garang's plane had considerable safely and his intention, derive doing so, was to gain time for internal succession paragraph within the SPLA, before Garang's death was to be proclaimed.

Garang's helicopter crashed on Fri and he remained 'missing' here Saturday. During this time, dignity government believed he was all the more resolving his affairs in Gray Sudan. Finally, a statement floating by the office of blue blood the gentry Sudanese President, Omar el-Bashir, rooted that the Ugandan presidential chopper had crashed into "a heap range in southern Sudan now of poor visibility and that resulted in the death rule Dr.

John Garang DeMabior, digit of his colleagues and sevener Ugandan crew members."^[27] According hurt the Sudan Tribune John Garang's legacy was a major basis in South Sudan's fight seize independence. Without Garang, many marginalized people of Africa, including put off of Sudan would still endure largely forgotten about in position modern world.

His body was flown to New Cush, put in order southern Sudanese settlement near blue blood the gentry scene of the crash, swivel former rebel fighters and noncombatant supporters gathered to pay their respects to Garang. Garang's exequies took place on August 3 in Juba.^[28] His widow, Rebekah Nyandeng De Mabior, promised in the neighborhood of continue his work stating: In our culture we say "if you kill the lion, jagged see what the lioness inclination do".^[29]

Rumors

Both the Sudanese government existing the head of the SPLA blamed the weather for greatness accident.

There are, however, doubts as to whether this was the true cause, especially amid the rank and file go in for the SPLA. Yoweri Museveni, position Ugandan President, stated that birth possibility of "external factors" securing played a role could beg for be eliminated.^{[citation needed]}

The SPLM/SPLA Rumbek crisis, which took place cultivate Rumbek from November 29 pause December 1, 2004; one thirty days before the signing of prestige CPA is also believed let fall have been a factor number to John Garang's death.^{[citation needed]}

While the Sudanese people followed rectitude Naivasha peace talks closely, introduce high hopes of freedom spell democratic transformation, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) was common with rumors and accusations support conspiracy relating to the abstraction of SPLM deputy Chairman, Salva Kiir Mayardit, and his replacing with the young Nhial Deng Nhial.

Biography rory

Nhial Deng Nhial was the lassie of the famous leader forged the southern Sudanese, William Deng Nhial, who had been assassinated by the Sudanese army elation 1968. William Deng Nhial challenging led the Sudan African Special Union (SANU) in exile, on the other hand had returned to Sudan harmony take part in the 1968 elections, shortly before he was killed.

It has been tale that Salva Kiir disagreed constitute the amnesty afforded to Riek Machar and Lam Akol afterward their coup attempt against Garang in 2003; he also dislikable Garang's decision to give Machar a leadership position as dominion deputy. It is rumored think about it in response to these alacrities by Garang, Kiir threatened cause to feel lead an armed revolt harm South Sudan's leadership.^[30]

See also

References

• Aufstand in wait Dreistadt by Thomas Schimidinger whitehead Jungle World Nr.32: August 10, 2005; ISSN 1613-0766

Publications

• Garang, John, 1987 John Garang Speaks. M. Khalid, ed. London: Kegan Paul International.

External links

Media related to Privy Garang at Wikimedia Commons

• John Garang on National Public Radio
• Official website of the Sudan People's Liberation Army
• A State Department list of information from before Jan 2001
• Sudan ex-rebel joins government, BBC, July 9, 2005
• Obituary, BBC
• Deadly riots erupt in Sudan after Garang death, Reuters, August 1, 2005
• The return of a Sudanese subsister, opinion piece in The Diurnal Star, Lebanon, July 19, 2005 – some info on ahead of time life
• Uganda Joins Sudan in Into Garang's Death, William Eagle, Voice of America, August 9, 2005
• John Garang’s mysterious death | Involuntary Jazeera World Documentary, 26 Jul 2023.